АМУЛЕТЫ И ОБЕРЕГИ В КОНТЕКСТЕ МАГИЧЕСКИХ ПРЕДСТАВЛЕНИЙ АБОРИГЕННЫХ НАРОДОВ ЗАПАДНОЙ СИБИРИ

• Main Author: Сурков, Дмитрий
• Format: Text
• Language: unknown
• Published: Федеральное государственное бюджетное образовательное учреждение высшего профессионального образования "Национальный исследовательский Томский государственный университет" 2012
• Subjects: КУЛЬТУРА; МИРОВОЗЗРЕНИЕ; АМУЛЕТ; ОБЕРЕГ; ТРАДИЦИОННАЯ КУЛЬТУРА; Aleksandrovo; Fang; The Muzzle; khanty; nenets; Ненцы; Mansi; Siberia
• Online Access: http://cyberleninka.ru/article/n/amulety-i-oberegi-v-kontekste-magicheskih-predstavleniy-aborigennyh-narodov-zapadnoy-sibiri; http://cyberleninka.ru/article_covers/14006003.png

Показана роль амулета и оберега у аборигенов Западной Сибири. Материалом послужили этнографические сведения о народах, проживающих в таежной зоне Западной Сибири (ненцы, ханты, манси, кеты, селькупы). Их культура сохранила свои самобытные черты до наших дней. The tough living conditions in Western Siberia required help from otherworldly creatures. Spirits could give this help. Their main task was to protect houses and property from adverse forces, theft and the like. These magic helpers mainly carried out the total protecting function. In representations of the Aboriginal peoples, the spirits inhabiting a variety of objects, endowed them with sacred properties to help the human. The spirits' help was not enough for successful hunting, fishing and healing, as well as work in the household. In this case, other highly specialized guarding talismans and charms were required. There are differences in the use of the charm and the guarding talisman. Often "finishing one job" the person used a different guardian talisman to be assisted with another task. In contrast, the charm was never changed and was applied in many situations. It brought luck, protection, and well-being during a lifetime. Guarding talismans and charms helped in childbirth, protected when hunting, helped better fishing. The charm could be almost any subject. A human could find it in a finished form, or do it himself. Nenets men had a bear fang (tibyako) on the back of the belt to protect them from evil spirits (apparently, the spirits of the dead), and bring luck in hunting. The Nenets believed that the bear fang prevents back pain. The Nenets had a special attitude to the ermine. It was believed that it could scare away evil spirits. In many houses of the Nenets in cities one could see ermine skins hanging on the door, on the horns of deer, on the bedside rugs. The Selkups had a custom to close the eyes of the dead with copper coins or circles. Coins protected people from the dead. The Kets used sable's limb bones with claws as a charm. In addition, the Kets kept the stones of unusual shape (primarily anthropomorphic), old or rare items (e.g., bronze mirrors). The houses of the Yugan Khanty had a variety of items, which were charms: a sable skull in front of the door, a beak of a loon or a merganser, a bear fang on the roof of the tree stand. Aleksandrovo Khanty beaded a frog image on a kerchief, which protected during the labour. To protect the child a guarding talisman in the form of a bronze figure of a black grouse was hung. To protect oneself and the house from snakes, lizards, pangolins, worms, the Khanty made guarding talismans with images of these "monsters". The Mansi in the Northern Urals believed that it is good luck to carry the muzzle of the fox, the sable or the ermine. A guarding talisman for a small child was matches and knife. Besides, young children put on 'good luck' bracelets made from beads. A bronze pendant in the form of a bear was used when someone was ill, needed protection or luck in hunting. The problem of charms and guarding talismans of the Aborigines of Western Siberia is not unique. Guarding talismans are actively used by other peoples. The attitude to these subjects is unique in the culture of peoples of Western Siberia, their huge role in culture, religion and world outlook. Charms and guarding talismans originated in ancient times, and since then have not lost their significance.