ОСОБЕННОСТИ НАЦИОНАЛЬНОЙ ИДЕНТИЧНОСТИ ТЕЛЕВИДЕНИЯ В РОССИИ

• Main Author: Ершов, Юрий
• Format: Text
• Language: unknown
• Published: Федеральное государственное бюджетное образовательное учреждение высшего профессионального образования "Национальный исследовательский Томский государственный университет" 2012
• Subjects: ТЕЛЕВИДЕНИЕ; НАЦИЯ; РЕГИОН; АВТОНОМИЯ; ДВУЯЗЫЧИЕ; БИЛИНГВАВЕЩАНИЕ; Palana; Sakha; Tuva; Chukotka
• Online Access: http://cyberleninka.ru/article/n/osobennosti-natsionalnoy-identichnosti-televideniya-v-rossii; http://cyberleninka.ru/article_covers/14004039.png

В статье дается критический анализ деятельности вещательных телекомпаний в краях, республиках и российских автономиях, рассматриваются проблемы национальной идентичности коммуникаторов и их целевых аудиторий, а также история вопроса с двуязычием на отечественном телевидении. В работе используются материалы контент-анализа программ сибирских вещателей и телекомпаний других регионов. Публикация может быть интересна журналистам и медиаменеджерам, исследователям местного телевещания. In Russia today there is no national television channel, and national television is conceived as regional television. This understanding is burdened with the history of the Russian Empire, in which ethnic minorities were often oppressed. In defending their rights, small nations tend to give their national identity better expression using the national media, including national broadcasters. For centuries, Russia had a contradictory and inconsistent government policy in relation to national margins of the country, to their cultures and languages. Such a zigzag policy continues today. For example, the state broadcasting company is supported in localities with only 3500-5000 people (Toura in Sakha, Palana in Chukotka), although these nomad herders camps can receive programs of the Russia channel conducting state policy in their air. On the other hand, foreign language programs exist only in half of the 12 regions of the Siberian federal district (in the republics of Altai, Khakassia, Tuva, Buryatia, Transbaikal region and in Novosibirsk region). National TV companies, as well as the vast majority of other regional television stations, have a small amount of their own production programs (3-4 hours per day). They do not have enough professional staff capable of speaking before a microphone in the languages of small nations. These problems are superimposed on the negative dynamics of language, when many residents of the republics, especially in large cities, lose possession of their native language. In the creation of government policy in the national autonomous regions a balance must be sought between the language of interethnic communication and the language of the titular nation. Any attempt of protrusion of national characteristics lead to flashes of nationalism, but underestimation of ethnic identity leads to cultural failures and reduces the quality of human resources. Understanding the dialectic of the local and the national universal requires journalists to search for specific formats of bilingualism. Television in the regions has a chance to create a language image of the world and to facilitate the integration of different ethnic groups, but, at the same time, TV can be a tool of xenophobia. In light of the orders of the President of the Russian Federation to create a public television in the country in the near future creation of the model of television, transmitting facts, opinions and knowledge, as well as the national image of the world is of particular relevance. Interdisciplinary research is required for television as a cultural factory of nation and the workshop of national identity.