ОСОБЕННОСТИ ФОРМИРОВАНИЯ ПОЧВ ТЕХНОГЕННЫХ ЛАНДШАФТОВ В РАЗЛИЧНЫХ ПРИРОДНО-КЛИМАТИЧЕСКИХ ЗОНАХ ЮГА СИБИРИ

• Main Authors: Соколов, Денис, Кулижский, Сергей, Доможакова, Евгения, Госсен, Игорь
• Format: Text
• Language: unknown
• Published: Федеральное государственное бюджетное образовательное учреждение высшего профессионального образования "Национальный исследовательский Томский государственный университет" 2012
• Subjects: ТЕХНОГЕННЫЕ ЛАНДШАФТЫ; ВОССТАНОВЛЕННЫЕ ВЕЩЕСТВА; ЭВОЛЮЦИЯ ПОЧВ; ИНИЦИАЛЬНЫЕ; ОРГАНОАККУМУЛЯТИВНЫЕ; ДЕРНОВЫЕ; ГУМУСОВО-АККУМУЛЯТИВНЫЕ ЭМБРИОЗЕМЫ; taiga; Siberia
• Online Access: http://cyberleninka.ru/article/n/osobennosti-formirovaniya-pochv-tehnogennyh-landshaftov-v-razlichnyh-prirodno-klimaticheskih-zonah-yuga-sibiri; http://cyberleninka.ru/article_covers/14001764.png

Рассмотрены особенности почв, формирующихся на отвалах каменноугольных разрезов в различных природноклиматических зонах Алтае-Саянской горной системы. Установлено, что процессы почвообразования в условиях горной тайги, лесостепи, степи и сухой степи идут разнонаправленно и имеют различную интенсивность. The problem of environment pollution is most acute at this moment. It is particularly urgent for Southern Siberia regions, where major industrial and resource centres are concentrated (Kemerovo region, Krasnoyarsk territory, Khakassia and Tyva Republics). Main pollution sources in these regions are anthropogenic landscapes, the area of which is several hundred thousand hectares. Decrease of this influence may be achieved either by self-recovery or by reclamation. In both cases forming of the soil cover on the surface of anthropogenic landscapes takes place. Basic rock transformation in the soil-forming process is arranged and directed at matching the chemical and physical properties of the substratum and the zonal soils. In this connection, a specific feature of immature soils of anthropogenic landscapes is that geo-genic factors play a major role in soil-formation (properties of rock, first of all). At the same time for mature zonal soils environmental conditions are the main factor of soil-formation. Specific features of soil-formation under different climatic conditions is the aim of the research. The research showed that soil formation on coal-mine dumps in different climatic zones varies. Differentiation of immature soil profile into genetic horizons is more expressed in anthropogenic landscapes located in the forest-steppe zone. Soil evolution here is at the initial, organic-accumulative, turf stage and reaches the humusaccumulative stage reflecting the zonal soil-formation peculiarities. With the territorial aridity growth, soil evolution decelerates and reaches the turf stage in steppe conditions and organic-accumulative stage in dry-steppe conditions. In the humid climate of Kuznetskiy Alatau mountain taiga turf and humus-accumulative soils occur, which later can develop into organic-accumulative ones. Zonal soilformation specifics consist in the formation of soils with thick eluvial horizon. When estimating the features organic matter systems transformation in these soils, it should be stressed that the intensity of initial lithogenic components reorganization increases with the growth of the climate aridity. At the same time the content of mobile organic compounds increases in soil profile. The processes of disintegration of initial rock fragments and, as consequence, fine-dispersed fraction formation are most significant where soil evolution reaches the turf stage. The intensity of redistribution of the formed units decreases with the decrease of precipitation.