ПОЧВЫ ОБЬ-ТОМСКОГО МЕЖДУРЕЧЬЯ

• Main Authors: Дюкарев, Анатолий, Пологова, Нина
• Format: Text
• Language: unknown
• Published: Федеральное государственное бюджетное образовательное учреждение высшего профессионального образования "Национальный исследовательский Томский государственный университет" 2011
• Subjects: ОБЬ-ТОМСКОЕ МЕЖДУРЕЧЬЕ; ЛИТОЛОГИЧЕСКАЯ НЕОДНОРОДНОСТЬ; ПОЧВЕННЫЙ ПОКРОВ; OB'-TOM' INTERFLUVE; taiga
• Online Access: http://cyberleninka.ru/article/n/pochvy-ob-tomskogo-mezhdurechya; http://cyberleninka.ru/article_covers/14001489.png

Представлены результаты исследований почвенного покрова Обь-Томского междуречья. Показано, что сложный генезис территории, разнообразие покровных отложений и условий увлажнения обусловили высокое разнообразие почв. Выделены три основных типа геолого-геоморфологических поверхностей, различающихся структурой почвенного покрова. Сложенная суглинистыми отложениями древняя равнина представлена продуктивными серыми и темно-серыми почвами и их полугидроморфными аналогами, что определило агрохозяйственный тип развития территории. Для ложбин стока, сложенных сортированными песками, отмечено широкое распространение альфегумусовых подзолов, реже дерновоподзолов, обеспечивающих формирование высокобонитетных сосняков и лесохозяйственный тип развития. Террасы и переходные поверхности при широком разнообразии состава отложений включают все элементы почвенного разнообразияот светло-серых оподзоленных почв до дерново-подзолов альфегумусовых в закономерных сочетаниях с дерново-глеевыми, торфяно-глеевыми и болотными почвами. Приведены описания и свойства основных типов почв. The Ob-Tom interfluve is a territory that is diverse in landscape types. Soils include highly productive soils for agricultural development and for effective forest management. The territory belongs to the Sub-taiga Zone with zonal gray soils. However, the complicated genesis of the territory and the variety of surficial materials and moisture conditions resulted in the formation of a wide variety of soils. The main factor of soil spatial differentiation is the difference in parent materials on the general background of climatic conditions. Three primary types of geological and geomorphological surfaces are revealed on the territory. The surface differs by sediment composition, soil structure and vegetation cover, composition and properties of soils. These surfaces are articulated through a system of transitional areas complicating the landscape patterns. The ancient plain composed by loamy sediments is presented at poorly drained watersheds by large areas of gray and dark gray soils under forests with high tall grasses with attributes of temporary humidifying in the bottom part of the profile. Loose compaction of humus horizon with high humus contents are a distinctive feature of these soils. The formation of light-gray and gray podzol soils with weakly developed humus horizon and strong texture differentiation is typical of more drained surfaces and gentle slopes. Gray gley soils are formed in conditions of stagnant surface humidifying. Peaty gley and boggy soils are formed at income of ground waters. Ancient plane soils are fertile and they have been actively used in agriculture. It formed the core of the agrarian and the major perspectives of socio-economic development associated with agriculture. The underlying rocks heterogeneity is the main factor controlling the spatial differentiation of soils on the valleys of ancient river flow stacked by assorted sands. Basis of a soil cover is composed by alfehumic podsol soils under green moss pine forests and sod-podsol soil under herbaceous-sedges pine forests. Gley podsol and peaty gley soils are formed in sites under the influence of ground waters. Local depressions are occupied by bogs. Soils of valleys of ancient river flow are unpromising for the development of agriculture regarding soil structure and properties. High productive pine forests are formed in valleys bypassing the stage of forest type change. Consequently, sand podzols, especially sod-podzol, belong to the category of land forming forestry and recreation sustainability of the area. Terraces and transitional surface with a wide variety of deposits include all elements of the soil diversity of light-gray podzolic soils in the marginal parts of the plain to the sod-podzols alfehumic soils at terraced edges in a natural combination with sod-gley, peaty gley and peat soils. Geographical ranges of soil are large with blurry boundaries. The investigation of soil was carried out on the landscape-ecological basis with the help of the satellite imagery of high spatial resolution, geographical, geological and geomorphological and forest inventory data of different years and different scale of mapping.