ЛИШАЙНИКОВЫЕ СОСНЯКИ СРЕДНЕЙ И СЕВЕРНОЙ ТАЙГИ ЕВРОПЕЙСКОЙ РОССИИ

• Main Authors: Кучеров, Илья, Зверев, Андрей
• Format: Text
• Language: unknown
• Published: Федеральное государственное бюджетное образовательное учреждение высшего профессионального образования "Национальный исследовательский Томский государственный университет" 2012
• Subjects: СОСНЯКИ ЛИШАЙНИКОВЫЕ; СЕВЕРНАЯ ТАЙГА; СРЕДНЯЯ ТАЙГА; ЕВРОПЕЙСКАЯ РОССИЯ; КЛАССИФИКАЦИЯ РАСТИТЕЛЬНОСТИ; Arctic; Bare Rock; Kershaw; Fennoscandian; Mezen; Mezen'; taiga
• Online Access: http://cyberleninka.ru/article/n/lishaynikovye-sosnyaki-sredney-i-severnoy-taygi-evropeyskoy-rossii; http://cyberleninka.ru/article_covers/13999384.png

Методом доминантно-флористической классификации выделено 9 синтаксонов лишайниковых сосновых лесов, произрастающих в средней и северной тайге Европейской России 2 ассоциации с 5 субассоциациями и 8 вариантами. Проанализированы географическое распространение выделенных синтаксонов, их флористическая специфика, зонально-климатическая и топоэдафическая приуроченность. Following the dominant-floristic approach to vegetation, 9 syntaxa of Scots pine (Pinus sylvestris L.) forests and open woodlands with fruticose lichen ground cover dominated by Cladina spp. (C. arbuscula, C. rangiferina, and C. stellaris), namely 2 associations with 5 subassociations and 8 variants, were distinguished in the northern and middle taiga of European Russia (all the units are given in the synoptic table). All the communities are subject to periodic fire; the postfire succession differences due to lichen ecology and canopy density are briefly discussed at the beginning of the paper in general accordance with the classical works by K.W. Kershaw. The Cladino-Pinetum (P.) with no dwarfshrub layer or that of Calluna vulgaris with the admixture of Vaccinium vitis-idaea is a southern and middle taiga syntaxon, also distributed in the south of the northern taiga subzone. It is subdivided into 2 subassociations, the typicum and polytrichetosum communis, growing on sand and on silicate rock, respectively. The petrophytic subass. polytrichetosum is distinguished due to local paludification in the cliff «pockets» which results in the presence of Polytrichum commune and Sphagnum spp. sect. Acutifolia. The rock plants Polypodium vulgare and Cladonia macrophylla are also typical together with Juniperus communis and Hieracium umbellatum. The Empetro-Cladino-P. is the northern taiga unit with a dwarfshrub layer with the participation of the hypoarctic ericoid species like Empetrum hermaphroditum, Vaccinium uliginosum, and Ledum palustre, also with the moss Dicranum fuscescens. It is subdivided into the 3 subordinate subassociations, the typicum and betuletosum czerepanovii occurring on sand in the southern and the northern belts of the subzone, respectively, and the arctoparmelietosum restricted to rock outcrops throughout the subzone. The northernmost subass. betuletosum is typical of the presence of the arctic-alpine lichens like Stereocaulon paschale, S. alpinum, Nephroma arcticum, and Flavocetraria nivalis, also the hypoarctic plants like Betula czerepanovii and Arctous alpina, and the northern-boreal moss Dicranum drummondii. The petrophytic subass. arctoparmelietosum is marked by the dark-coniferous forest mesophytes like Trientalis europaea and Linnaea borealis. The both petrophytic subassociations are typical of Betula pendula, Avenella flexuosa, Ptilidium ciliare, Dicranum scoparium, and Racomitrium microcarpon; Arctoparmelia centrifuga appears dominant but not determinant on bare rock. The association distribution mainly follows the subzonal pattern, although the ranges of both the associations overlap in the southern belt of the northern taiga subzone. The subassociations differ due to both the climate (the Empetro-Cladino-P. typicum vs. betuletosum czerepanovii), and the bedrock (the Fennoscandian petrophytic Cladino-P. polytrichetosum and arctoparmelietosum vs. psammophytic units with wider distribution). Variants of the psammophytic subassociations are subdivided into the western and the eastern ones due to presence/absence of the same group of species (Calluna vulgaris, Festuca ovina and Cladonia cornuta, common to the west and replaced by Calamagrostis epigeios and Chamaenerion angustifolium to the east of the Mezen R.). Whereas the northern-boreal petrophytic subassociation variants are governed by previous fire intensity: after the most severe fire, the var. Arctostaphylos uva-ursi is observed.