НЕОДНОРОДНОСТЬ ПОЧВЕННОГО ПОКРОВА БОРОДИНСКОГО ЗАПОВЕДНИКА: ПРОИСХОЖДЕНИЕ, РАЗВИТИЕ И МЕТОДЫ ИЗУЧЕНИЯ

• Main Authors: Басевич, Виктор, Макаров, Игорь
• Format: Text
• Language: unknown
• Published: Федеральное государственное бюджетное образовательное учреждение высшего профессионального образования "Национальный исследовательский Томский государственный университет" 2011
• Subjects: ПОЧВЕННЫЙ ПОКРОВ; БОРОДИНСКИЙ ЗАПОВЕДНИК; ЛАНДШАФТ; taiga
• Online Access: http://cyberleninka.ru/article/n/neodnorodnost-pochvennogo-pokrova-borodinskogo-zapovednika-proishozhdenie-razvitie-i-metody-izucheniya; http://cyberleninka.ru/article_covers/13984483.png

Современное состояние почвенного покрова Бородинского заповедника определяется формированием и развитием за последние 200 лет нескольких типов ландшафта. Мощное и длительное антропогенное воздействие на почвенный компонент биогеоценозов приводит к созданию различных по масштабу, возрасту и происхождению неоднородностей, что усугубляет и без того высокое исходное разнообразие почвенных профилей. Возникшие неоднородности существенно усложняют структуру почвенного покрова заповедника и требуют для их изучения специального арсенала методов и подходов. The modern condition of soil cover in the Borodino national park is defined by formation and development of several landscape types for the last 200 years: natural, residential, belligerent, historical and agricultural. The interaction of landscapes that are considerably differing in their characteristics over a long period of time determines specificity and uniqueness of soil cover in the Borodino national park. In whole, it is notable for large initial variety though all the soils are typical for the south taiga zone: these are podzolic, meadow and marshy soils. Determinative natural factors of its genesis are the soil forming rock properties, relief and ecological conditions of separate position environment. Transformation of reserve landscape structure that is a result of different reasons finds reflections in the soil cover. The powerful and lasting anthropogenic influence on the biogeocenosis soil component leads to creation of various pedoturbogenic heterogeneities that differ in scale and age. Formed as a result of known events, the modern ecological condition diversity of soil forming, sometimes characterized by sharp changes in space, defines high complexity and contrast of the natural park soil cover. The replacement of soil variety and soil types can be observed even at a distance of several meters. The available profile diversity of the Borodino national park soil cover is the result of a complex natural and anthropogenic influence on the soil. Heterogeneities of different origins complicate the study of the natural park soil cover considerably and require special methods and approach use that differ from the object of usual cartography. First of all, methods of the studied territory field inspection should be mentioned. Depending on goals and specific objects of the study the following should be recommended: 1 area testing with the help of a net with a given cell size; 2 laying of soil transects (the lines of testing) with a fixed testing step, transects can be parallel or mutually perpendicular for a more complete coverage of the investigated territory; 3 laying of soil trenches for detailed elaboration and specification of the studied object structure characteristics. Comparative studying of soil metamorphosis in the conditions of different ecosystems of the Borodino reserve gives an opportunity to single out the anthropogenic component in soil development and transformation, to estimate the role of different genesis and scale heterogeneities in their modern evolution and change of natural environment in whole in high share of probability.