ГОРНОПРОМЫШЛЕННОЕ ОСВОЕНИЕ СЕВЕРО-ВОСТОКА РОССИИ В 1930-1960-Е ГГ.: «ДАЛЬСТРОЕВСКАЯ» И «СОВНАРХОЗНАЯ» МОДЕЛИ

• Main Author: Зеляк, Виталий
• Format: Text
• Language: unknown
• Published: Федеральное государственное бюджетное образовательное учреждение высшего профессионального образования "Национальный исследовательский Томский государственный университет" 2010
• Subjects: ЗОЛОТОДОБЫВАЮЩАЯ ПРОМЫШЛЕННОСТЬ,ДАЛЬСТРОЙ,МАГАДАНСКИЙ СОВНАРХОЗ,GOLD MINING INDUSTRY,DALSTROY,MAGADAN SOVNARKHOZ; Magadan; Russian North
• Online Access: http://cyberleninka.ru/article/n/gornopromyshlennoe-osvoenie-severo-vostoka-rossii-v-1930-1960-e-gg-dalstroevskaya-i-sovnarhoznaya-modeli; http://cyberleninka.ru/article_covers/13983047.png

Анализируются две модели горно-промышленного освоения, реализованные государством на Северо-Востоке России в 1930-1960-х гг. «Дальстроевская» модель освоения носила чрезвычайный характер, «совнархозная» более сбалансированный; определены сущностные характеристики, сильные и слабые стороны обеих моделей. The author of the article compares two models of industrial activity realized by the government in the Russian North-East during 1930-1960s. As the analytical results the author defined the characteristic features of both of them. For the dalstroevskaya model these are extraordinary powers in subordinated territory; the integrated character of Dalstroy activity, covering all the spheres of the public life of the region; significant state financing; mainly injurious mining of the gold deposits; development of the mono-branch specialization in regional economy; a large-scale use of compulsory work of unskilled prisoners; the prevalence of compulsory methods of work stimulation; a widespread system of punishments for failing the plan; minimization of expenses on the social infrastructure and accident prevention; a system of northern privileges to attract free-hiring workers; extremely negative influence on ecology. The sovnarkhoznaya model features are large economic powers and submitting to the regional Communist party organs simultaneously; the limited state's assignments for gold mining with liquidation of inefficient objects; using free-hiring workers and economic measures of work stimulation; consecutive efforts for decreasing the number of accidents and diseases on the mining objects; a complex and fast intrusion of new mechanisms and technologies; successful development of gold mining by the prospectors; negative influence on ecology; large-scale housing construction and creation of more comfortable living conditions for the workers. Both models were objectively directed at industrial development of the Russian North-East. As a whole they solved the main task the greatest possible extraction of gold. However, the sovnarhoznaya model showed an opportunity of realization of state tasks without repressions and large-scale use of compulsory work of prisoners. But later the monobranch specialization in regional economy was not corrected. In 1990s it resulted in a serious socio-economic crisis in the region.