Экология питания топорка (Lunda cirrhata) и ипатки (Fratercula corniculata) в северной части Охотского моря

• Main Authors: Голубова, Елена, Назаркин, Михаил
• Format: Text
• Language: unknown
• Published: Федеральное государственное унитарное предприятие «Тихоокеанский научно-исследовательский рыбохозяйственный центр» 2009
• Subjects: ОХОТСКОЕ МОРЕ; МОРСКИЕ ПТИЦЫ; ТОПОРОК; ИПАТКА; ПИТАНИЕ ПТЕНЦОВ; СЕЛЬДЬ; МОЙВА; ПЕСЧАНКА; РАЗМЕРНО-ВОЗРАСТНЫЕ ПОКАЗАТЕЛИ РЫБ; Lunda; Okhotsk; fratercula; okhotsk sea
• Online Access: http://cyberleninka.ru/article/n/ekologiya-pitaniya-toporka-lunda-cirrhata-i-ipatki-fratercula-corniculata-v-severnoy-chasti-ohotskogo-morya; http://cyberleninka.ru/article_covers/10221159.png

Изучение птенцовой диеты топорка и ипатки проводилось на о-вах Талан (1999-2004 и 2006 гг.) и Умара (1994, 1996-1997 гг.), расположенных в Тауйской губе Охотского моря. Установлен состав питания топорка и ипатки в период размножения птиц. Выявлены основные виды рыб в рационах птиц и проанализирована сезонная и ежегодная динамика их встречаемости. Получены сравнительные данные по биологическим показателям добытых птицами рыб (размер, масса, возраст), размеру и составу пищевых проб. Выявлены различия возрастных категорий добываемой рыбы у топорка и ипатки. Описаны условия формирования кормовой базы морских птиц в Тауйской губе. Feeding of the tufted and horned puffins nestlings is investigated at Talan and Umara Islands located in the Tauya Bay of the Okhotsk Sea. In total, 44 species of fishes are found in the diet of these birds. The most important prey of puffins is herring, sand lance and capelin, but salmons and rockfishes prevail in certain seasons. The dominant prey species differ significantly between the puffin species: the tufted puffin prefers herring, whereas the horned puffin is primarily sand lance consumer. The share of herring and sand lance decreases when capelin is abundant in the Tauya Bay. Predominance of herring, capelin and sand lance in the diet of seabirds reflects their occurrence near colonies due to large spawning and feeding aggregations in the coastal waters. Availability of these fish species varies for different colonies, in different years, and within a season, and may be influenced by climate and oceanographic conditions and food abundance in the waters of the Bay that is reflected in the diet of birds. In particular, abundance of capelin in the puffins diet is concordant since 2000 with increasing of this species stock in the Tauya Bay. From the other hand, this increasing coincides with water temperature lowering and ice cover spreading in the Okhotsk Sea. The diet is diversified by larvae and fingerlings of benthic and inter-tidal fish species, but they do not have a great importance in forage of the puffins nestlings. Age of fish (years) in the prey of puffins is 0-6+ for sand lance, 0-4+ for herring and capelin, 1+ for rockfishes, 1-2+ for salmons. Generally, the tufted puffins feed on elder fish, often on adult sand lance and herring. The horned puffins feed on smaller fish including fingerlings of sand lance, herring and capelin. Size and age of the prey objects differ from year to year. The burrow-loads volume and content have year-to-year variability, as well, depended on the puffins' forage abundance and species composition.