| Summary: | V. Lukashin . et al. Multidisciplinary oceanographic studies of the White Sea were carried out in the regions of the Gorlo, of the Basin, and of Kandalaksha Bay including the estuaries of the Niva, Kolvitsa, and Knyazhaya rivers. The hydrographic survey revealed long-living stepwise structures and inversions in the vertical profiles of temperature and salinity formed due to the tidal mixing of saline and cold Barents Sea waters and warmer White Sea waters in the Gorlo area. The biological studies revealed the principal features of the distribution, abundance, and species composition of phyto- and zooplankton in all the areas studied. They showed the tolerance of the principal zooplankton species to desalination in the estuaries. The studies of the suspended matter in the estuaries clearly demonstrated physical and chemical transformations of the matter supplied by the rivers. The data on the vertical particle flux in the deep-water part of Kandalaksha Bay showed the difference between the subsurface layer and the near-bottom layer, which could result from the sinking of the products of the spring phytoplankton bloom and from the supply of the suspended terrigenous matter from the nepheloid layer formed by the tidal currents. Peer Reviewed
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