| Summary: | Cephalopod International Advisory Council Symposium. Vigo (Spain), 3-11 September 2009 From morphological, meristic characters and maximum likelihood phylogenetic analysis of COI and COIII DNA sequences, this study demonstrates that the most coastal and common octopus inhabiting Saint Paul and Amsterdam Islands belongs to Octopus vulgaris sensu stricto. Our trees also depicted Octopus as polyphyletic, and O. vulgaris sensu stricto as monophyletic presently restricted to the Mediterranean Sea, Eastern Atlantic Ocean (from South England to Southwest African waters), Azores, Canary, Cape Verde, St. Helena, Tristan da Cunha Islands, southeastern coast of South Africa, Japanese and Taiwanese waters in the Pacific and Saint Paul and Amsterdam Islands in the Indian Ocean. The finding that this species inhabits in Saint Paul and Amsterdam Islands increases the distribution area of the species in the Indian Ocean. The main causes for the current distribution of this species are discussed No
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