Implementation and first results of the KM3NeT real-time core-collapse supernova neutrino search

• Published in: The European Physical Journal C
• Main Authors: Alves Garre, Sergio, Calvo Díaz-Aldagalán, D., Carretero Cuenca, Victor, Colomer, M., Garcia Soto, A., Gozzini, S.R., Hernández Rey, Juan José, Khan Chowdhury, N.R., Lazo, Alfonso, Manczak, J., Palacios, Juan, Pieterse, C., Real, Diego, Salesa Greus, Francisco, Sánchez Losa, Agustín, Zornoza, J. D., Zúñiga Román, Juan, KM3NeT Collaboration
• Other Authors: European Commission, Ministerio de Ciencia e Innovación (España), Generalitat Valenciana, Agencia Estatal de Investigación (España), Ministerio de Economía y Competitividad (España), Junta de Andalucía
• Format: Article in Journal/Newspaper
• Language: unknown
• Published: Springer Verlag 2022
• Subjects: Île-de-France; Orca
• Online Access: http://hdl.handle.net/10261/310171; https://doi.org/10.1140/epjc/s10052-022-10137-y

The KM3NeT research infrastructure is unconstruction in the Mediterranean Sea. KM3NeT will study atmospheric and astrophysical neutrinos with two multi-purpose neutrino detectors, ARCA and ORCA, primarily aimed at GeV–PeV neutrinos. Thanks to the multi-photomultiplier tube design of the digital optical modules, KM3NeT is capable of detecting the neutrino burst from a Galactic or near-Galactic core-collapse supernova. This potential is already exploitable with the first detection units deployed in the sea. This paper describes the real-time implementation of the supernova neutrino search, operating on the two KM3NeT detectors since the first months of 2019. A quasi-online astronomy analysis is introduced to study the time profile of the detected neutrinos for especially significant events. The mechanism of generation and distribution of alerts, as well as the integration into the SNEWS and SNEWS 2.0 global alert systems, are described. The approach for the follow-up of external alerts with a search for a neutrino excess in the archival data is defined. Finally, an overview of the current detector capabilities and a report after the first two years of operation are given. Acknowledgements The authors acknowledge the financial support of the funding agencies: Agence Nationale de la Recherche (contract ANR-15-CE31-0020), Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Commission Européenne (FEDER fund and Marie Curie Program), Institut Universitaire de France (IUF), LabEx UnivEarthS (ANR-10-LABX-0023 and ANR-18-IDEX-0001), Paris Île-de-France Region, France; Shota Rustaveli National Science Foundation of Georgia (SRNSFG, FR-18-1268), Georgia; Deutsche Forschungsgemeinschaft (DFG), Germany; The General Secretariat of Research and Technology (GSRT), Greece; Istituto Nazionale di Fisica Nucleare (INFN), Ministero dell’Università e della Ricerca (MIUR), PRIN 2017 program (Grant NAT-NET 2017W4HA7S) Italy; Ministry of Higher Education Scientific Research and Professional Training, ICTP through Grant AF-13, Morocco; ...