Unravelling the phylogenetic and ecological drivers of beak shape variability in cephalopods

• Published in: Reviews in Fish Biology and Fisheries
• Main Authors: Sánchez-Márquez, Antoni, Navarro, Joan, Kaliontzopoulou, Antigoni, Farré, Marc, Taite, Morag, Escolar Sánchez, Oscar, Villanueva, Roger, Allcock, Louise, Fernández-Álvarez, Fernando Ángel
• Other Authors: Generalitat de Catalunya, Ministerio de Ciencia, Innovación y Universidades (España), Irish Research Council, European Commission, Agencia Estatal de Investigación (España), Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas (España)
• Format: Article in Journal/Newspaper
• Language: English
• Published: Springer 2023
• Subjects: Conserve and sustainably use the oceans; seas and marine resources for sustainable development; The Beak; toothed whales
• Online Access: http://hdl.handle.net/10261/296179; https://doi.org/10.1007/s11160-022-09744-5

19 pages, 5 figures, 4 tables, supplementary Information https://doi.org/10.1007/s11160-022-09744-5.-- Data availability: Genetic data underlying this article are available in the GenBank Nucleotide Database at https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/genbank/ and can be accessed with the GenBank accession numbers OP151115-OP151122, OP161136-OP161143, OP235417-OP235424. The FastQ files can be accessed within the GenBank Nucleotide Database with the BioProject accession number PRJNA866317. Stable isotope and geometric morphometric data are available upon request from the corresponding author. Additional material is available in Supplementary files 1–3 Cephalopod beaks are essential for prey acquisition and fragmentation during feeding. Thus, it is expected that ecological pressures affect cephalopod beak shape. From a practical perspective, these structures are also used to identify gut contents of marine megafauna, such as toothed whales, sharks, seabirds, and large pelagic fishes. Here, we investigated the relative importance of ecological pressures and phylogenetic relatedness in the evolution of beak shape using a wide range of Mediterranean cephalopod species. Phylogenetic analyses based on complete mitogenomes and nuclear ribosomal genes provided a well-supported phylogeny among the 18 included cephalopods. Geometric morphometric and stable isotope methods were implemented to describe interspecific beak shape and trophic niche variability, respectively. Phylogenetic signal was detected in the shape of both parts of the beak (upper and lower). However, lower beak shape was more distinct among closely related species, in line with the empirical notion that lower beak morphology is more useful as an identification tool in cephalopods. Interestingly, no association between beak shape and trophic niche (stable isotope values) was found. These results suggest that the evolution of cephalopod beak shape as quantified here is mainly driven by phylogenetic relationships, while feeding habits play a minor role We are ...