Detection of a Type IIn Supernova in Optical Follow-up Observations of IceCube Neutrino Events

• Published in: The Astrophysical Journal
• Main Authors: Aartsen, M. G., Abraham, K., Ackermann, M., Adams, J., Aguilar, J. A., Ahlers, Manfred Hermann Friedrich Pete, Ahrens, M., Altmann, D., Anderson, T., Archinger, M., Arguelles, C., Arlen, T. C., Auffenberg, J., Bai, X., Barwick, S. W., Baum, V., Bay, R., Beatty, J. J., Becker Tjus, J., Becker, K. H., Beiser, E., Benzvi, S., Berghaus, P., Berley, D., Bernardini, E., Bernhard, A., Besson, D. Z., Binder, G., Bindig, D., Bissok, M., Blaufuss, E., Blumenthal, J., Boersma, P. Dee, Bohm, C., Börner, M., Bos, F., Bose, D., Böser, S., Botner, O., Braun, J., Brayeur, L., Bretz, H.P., Brown de Cohen, Alejandra Maria, Buzinsky, N., Casey, J., Casier, M., Cheung, E., Chirkin, D., Christov, A., Christy, B., Clark, K., Classen, L., Coenders, S., Cowen, D. F., Cruz Silva, A. H., Daughhetee, J., Davis, J. C., Day, M., De André, J. P. A. M., De Clercq, C., Dembinski, H., De Ridder, S., Desiati, P., De Vries, K. D., De Wasseige, G., De With, M., Deyoung, T., Díaz Velez, J. C., Dumm, J. P., Dunkman, M., Eagan, R., Eberhardt, B., Ehrhardt, T., Eichmann, B., Euler, S., Evenson, P. A., Fadiran, O., Fahey, S., Fazely, A. R., Fedynitch, A., Feintzeig, J., Felde, J., Filimonov, K., Finley, C., Fischer Wasels, T., Flis, S., Fuchs, T., Glagla, M., Gaisser, T. K., Gaior, R., Gallagher, J., Gerhardt, L., Ghorbani, K., Gier, D., Gladstone, L., Glüsenkamp, T., Goldschmidt, A., Golup, Geraldina Tamara, Gonzalez, J. G., Góra, D., Grant, D., Gretskov, P., Groh, J. C., Gross, A., Ha, C., Haack, C., Haj Ismail, A., Hallgren, A., Halzen, F., Hansmann, B., Hanson, K., Hebecker, D., Heereman, D., Helbing, K., Hellauer, R., Hellwig, D., Hickford, S., Hignight, J., Hill, G. C., Hoffman, K. D., Hoffmann, R., Holzapfe, K., Homeier, A., Hoshina, K., Huang, F., Huber, M., Huelsnitz, W., Hulth, P. O., Hultqvist, K., In, S., Ishihara, A., Jacobi, E., Japaridze, G. S., Jero, K., Jurkovic, M., Kaminsky, B., Kappes, A., Karg, T., Karle, A., Kauer, M., Keivani, A., Kelley, J.L., Kemp, J., Kheirandish, A., Kiryluk, J., Kläs, J., Klein, S. R., Kohnen, G., Koirala, R., Kolanoski, H., Konietz, R., Koob, A., Köpke, L., Kopper, C., Kopper, S., Koskinen, D.J., Kowalski, Andres Mauricio, Krings, K., Kroll, G., Kroll, M., Kunnen, J., Kurahashi, N., Kuwabara, T., Labare, M., Lanfranchi, J. L., Larson, M. J., Lesiak Bzdak, M., Leuermann, M., Leuner, J., Lünemann, J., Madsen, J., Maggi, G., Mahn, K. B. M., Maruyama, R., Mase, K., Matis, H. S., Maunu, R., McNally, F., Meagher, K., Medici, M., Meli, A., Menne, T., Merino, G., Meures, T., Miarecki, S., Middell, E., Middlemas, E., Miller, J., Mohrmann, L., Montaruli, T., Morse, R., Nahnhauer, R., Naumann, U., Niederhausen, H., Nowicki, S. C., Nygren, D.R., Obertacke, A., Olivas, A., Omairat, A., O'Murchadha, A., Palczewski, T., Pandya, H., Paul, L., Pepper, J. A., Pérez De Los Heros, C., Pfendner, C., Pieloth, D., Pinat, E., Posselt, J., Price, P. B., Przybylski, G.T., Pütz, J., Quinnan, M., Rädel, L., Rameez, M., Rawlins, K., Redl, P., Reimann, R., Relich, M., Resconi, E., Rhode, W., Richman, M., Richter, S., Riedel, B., Robertson, S., Rongen, M., Rott, C., Ruhe, T., Ryckbosch, D., Saba, S. M., Sabbatini, L., Sander, H. G., Sandrock, A., Sandroos, J., Sarkar, S., Schatto, K., Scheriau, F., Schimp, M., Schmidt, T., Schmitz, M., Schoenen, S., Schöneberg, S., Schönwald, A., Schukraft, A., Schulte, L., Seckel, D., Seunarine, S., Shanidze, R., Smith, M. W. E., Soldin, D., Spiczak, G. M., Spiering, C., Stahlberg, M., Stamatikos, M., Stanev, T., Stanisha, N. A., Stasik, A., Stezelberger, T., Stokstad, R. G., Stössl, A., Strahler, E. A., Ström, R., Strotjohann, N. L., Sullivan, G.W., Sutherland, M., Taavola, H., Taboada, I., Ter Antonyan, S., Terliuk, A., Tešić, G., Tilav, S., Toale, P. A., Tobin, M. N., Tosi, D., Tselengidou, M., Turcati, A., Unger, E., Usner, M., Vallecorsa, S., Van Eijndhoven, N., Vandenbroucke, J., Van Santen, J., Vanheule, S., Veenkamp, J., Vehring, M., Voge, M., Vraeghe, M., Walck, C., Wallraff, M., Wandkowsky, N., Weaver, Ch., Wendt, C., Westerhoff, S., Whelan, B. J., Whitehorn, N., Wichary, C., Wiebe, K., Wiebusch, C. H., Wille, L., Williams, D. R., Wissing, H., Wolf, M., Wood, T. R., Woschnagg, K., Ramos Elizagaray, Sabina Irantxu, Xu, X. W., Xu, Y., Cortés Yáñez, Diego Alejandro, Yodh, G., Yoshida, S., Zarzhitsky, P., Zoll, M., Ofek, Eran O., Kasliwal, Mansi M., Nugent, Peter E., Arcavi, Iair, Bloom, Joshua S., Kulkarni, Shrinivas R., Perley, Daniel A., Barlow, Tom, Horesh, Assaf, Gal-Yam, Avishay, Howell, D. A., Dilday, Ben, Evans, Phil A., Kennea, Jamie A., Burgett, W. S., Chambers, K. C., Kaiser, N., Waters, C., Flewelling, H., Tonry, J. L., Rest, A., Smartt, S. J.
• Format: Article in Journal/Newspaper
• Language: English
• Published: IOP Publishing
• Subjects: CIRCUMSTELLAR MATTER; GALAXIES: DWARF; NEUTRINOS; SHOCK WAVES; SUPERNOVAE: INDIVIDUAL (PTF12CSY; SN 2010JL); Astronomía; Ciencias Físicas; CIENCIAS NATURALES Y EXACTAS; Alabama; Argentina; Barlow; Cortés; Dee; Filimonov; Finley; Fuchs; Genova; Gonzalez; Howell; Hulth; Kohnen; Koob; Leicester; Morse; Nygren; Patagonia; Ramos; Rongen; Saba; Ström; Suecia; Sullivan; Sutherland; Weaver; Yáñez; Alaska; Mansi; morse
• Online Access: http://hdl.handle.net/11336/57237

The IceCube neutrino observatory pursues a follow-up program selecting interesting neutrino events in real-time and issuing alerts for electromagnetic follow-up observations. In 2012 March, the most significant neutrino alert during the first three years of operation was issued by IceCube. In the follow-up observations performed by the Palomar Transient Factory (PTF), a Type IIn supernova (SN IIn) PTF12csy was found 0.�2 away from the neutrino alert direction, with an error radius of 0.�54. It has a redshift of z = 0.0684, corresponding to a luminosity distance of about 300 Mpc and the Pan-STARRS1 survey shows that its explosion time was at least 158 days (in host galaxy rest frame) before the neutrino alert, so that a causal connection is unlikely. The a posteriori significance of the chance detection of both the neutrinos and the SN at any epoch is 2.2σ within IceCube's 2011/12 data acquisition season. Also, a complementary neutrino analysis reveals no long-term signal over the course of one year. Therefore, we consider the SN detection coincidental and the neutrinos uncorrelated to the SN. However, the SN is unusual and interesting by itself: it is luminous and energetic, bearing strong resemblance to the SN IIn 2010jl, and shows signs of interaction of the SN ejecta with a dense circumstellar medium. High-energy neutrino emission is expected in models of diffusive shock acceleration, but at a low, non-detectable level for this specific SN. In this paper, we describe the SN PTF12csy and present both the neutrino and electromagnetic data, as well as their analysis. Fil: Aartsen, M. G. University of Adelaide; Australia Fil: Abraham, K. Universitat Technical Zu Munich; Alemania Fil: Ackermann, M. DESY; Alemania Fil: Adams, J. University Of Canterbury; Nueva Zelanda Fil: Aguilar, J. A. Université Libre de Bruxelles; Bélgica Fil: Ahlers, Manfred Hermann Friedrich Pete. University of Wisconsin; Estados Unidos Fil: Ahrens, M. Stockholms Universitet; Suecia Fil: Altmann, D. Friedrich-Alexander-Universitat Erlangen-Nurnberg; Alemania Fil: Anderson, T. University of Pennsylvania; Estados Unidos Fil: Archinger, M. University Mainz. Institute of Inorganic and Analytical Chemistry, Johannes Gutenberg; Alemania Fil: Arguelles, C. University of Wisconsin; Estados Unidos Fil: Arlen, T. C. University of Pennsylvania; Estados Unidos Fil: Auffenberg, J. Rwth Aachen University; Alemania Fil: Bai, X. University of California; Estados Unidos Fil: Barwick, S. W. University of California at Irvine; Estados Unidos Fil: Baum, V. University Mainz. Institute of Inorganic and Analytical Chemistry, Johannes Gutenberg; Alemania Fil: Bay, R. University of California at Berkeley; Estados Unidos Fil: Beatty, J. J. Ohio State University; Estados Unidos Fil: Becker Tjus, J. Ruhr Universität Bochum; Alemania Fil: Becker, K. H. University of Wuppertal; Alemania Fil: Beiser, E. University of Wisconsin; Estados Unidos Fil: Benzvi, S. University of Wisconsin; Estados Unidos Fil: Berghaus, P. DESY; Alemania Fil: Berley, D. University of Maryland; Estados Unidos Fil: Bernardini, E. DESY; Alemania Fil: Bernhard, A. Universitat Technical Zu Munich; Alemania Fil: Besson, D. Z. University of Kansas; Estados Unidos Fil: Binder, G. Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory; Estados Unidos. University of California at Berkeley; Estados Unidos Fil: Bindig, D. University of Wuppertal; Alemania Fil: Bissok, M. Rwth Aachen University; Alemania Fil: Blaufuss, E. University of Maryland; Estados Unidos Fil: Blumenthal, J. Rwth Aachen University; Alemania Fil: Boersma, P. Dee. Uppsala University; Suecia Fil: Bohm, C. Stockholms Universitet; Suecia Fil: Börner, M. Universitat Dortmund; Alemania Fil: Bos, F. Ruhr Universität Bochum; Alemania Fil: Bose, D. Sungkyunkwan University; Corea del Sur Fil: Böser, S. University Mainz. Institute of Inorganic and Analytical Chemistry, Johannes Gutenberg; Alemania Fil: Botner, O. Uppsala University; Suecia Fil: Braun, J. University of Wisconsin; Estados Unidos Fil: Brayeur, L. Vrije Unviversiteit Brussel; Bélgica Fil: Bretz, H.P. University of Adelaide; Australia Fil: Brown de Cohen, Alejandra Maria. University Of Canterbury; Nueva Zelanda Fil: Buzinsky, N. University of Alberta; Canadá Fil: Casey, J. Instituto Tecnológico de Georgia; Estados Unidos. Georgia Institute of Techology; Estados Unidos Fil: Casier, M. Vrije Unviversiteit Brussel; Bélgica Fil: Cheung, E. University of Maryland; Estados Unidos Fil: Chirkin, D. University of Wisconsin; Estados Unidos Fil: Christov, A. Universidad de Genova; España Fil: Christy, B. University of Maryland; Estados Unidos Fil: Clark, K. University of Toronto; Canadá Fil: Classen, L. Friedrich-Alexander-Universitat Erlangen-Nurnberg; Alemania Fil: Coenders, S. Universitat Technical Zu Munich; Alemania Fil: Cowen, D. F. University of Pennsylvania; Estados Unidos Fil: Cruz Silva, A. H. University of Adelaide; Australia Fil: Daughhetee, J. Georgia Institute of Techology; Estados Unidos. Instituto Tecnológico de Georgia; Estados Unidos Fil: Davis, J. C. Ohio State University; Estados Unidos Fil: Day, M. University of Wisconsin; Estados Unidos Fil: De André, J. P. A. M. Michigan State University; Estados Unidos Fil: De Clercq, C. Vrije Unviversiteit Brussel; Bélgica Fil: Dembinski, H. University of Delaware; Estados Unidos Fil: De Ridder, S. University of Ghent; Bélgica Fil: Desiati, P. University of Wisconsin; Estados Unidos Fil: De Vries, K. D. Vrije Unviversiteit Brussel; Bélgica Fil: De Wasseige, G. Vrije Unviversiteit Brussel; Bélgica Fil: De With, M. Humboldt-Universitat zu Berlin; Alemania Fil: Deyoung, T. Michigan State University; Estados Unidos Fil: Díaz Velez, J. C. University of Wisconsin; Estados Unidos Fil: Dumm, J. P. Stockholms Universitet; Suecia Fil: Dunkman, M. University of Pennsylvania; Estados Unidos Fil: Eagan, R. University of Pennsylvania; Estados Unidos Fil: Eberhardt, B. University Mainz. Institute of Inorganic and Analytical Chemistry, Johannes Gutenberg; Alemania Fil: Ehrhardt, T. University Mainz. Institute of Inorganic and Analytical Chemistry, Johannes Gutenberg; Alemania Fil: Eichmann, B. Ruhr Universität Bochum; Alemania Fil: Euler, S. Uppsala University; Suecia Fil: Evenson, P. A. University of Delaware; Estados Unidos Fil: Fadiran, O. University of Wisconsin; Estados Unidos Fil: Fahey, S. University of Wisconsin; Estados Unidos Fil: Fazely, A. R. University of Adelaide; Australia Fil: Fedynitch, A. Ruhr Universität Bochum; Alemania Fil: Feintzeig, J. University of Wisconsin; Estados Unidos Fil: Felde, J. University of Maryland; Estados Unidos Fil: Filimonov, K. University of California at Berkeley; Estados Unidos Fil: Finley, C. Stockholms Universitet; Suecia Fil: Fischer Wasels, T. University of Delaware; Estados Unidos Fil: Flis, S. Stockholms Universitet; Suecia Fil: Fuchs, T. Universitat Dortmund; Alemania Fil: Glagla, M. Rwth Aachen University; Alemania Fil: Gaisser, T. K. University of Delaware; Estados Unidos Fil: Gaior, R. University of Delaware; Estados Unidos Fil: Gallagher, J. University of Wisconsin; Estados Unidos Fil: Gerhardt, L. Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory; Estados Unidos. University of California at Berkeley; Estados Unidos Fil: Ghorbani, K. University of Wisconsin; Estados Unidos Fil: Gier, D. Rwth Aachen University; Alemania Fil: Gladstone, L. University of Wisconsin; Estados Unidos Fil: Glüsenkamp, T. University of Delaware; Estados Unidos Fil: Goldschmidt, A. Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory; Estados Unidos Fil: Golup, Geraldina Tamara. Vrije Unviversiteit Brussel; Bélgica. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas. Centro Científico Tecnológico Conicet - Patagonia Norte; Argentina Fil: Gonzalez, J. G. University of Delaware; Estados Unidos Fil: Góra, D. University of Adelaide; Australia Fil: Grant, D. University of Alberta; Canadá Fil: Gretskov, P. Rwth Aachen University; Alemania Fil: Groh, J. C. University of Pennsylvania; Estados Unidos Fil: Gross, A. Universitat Technical Zu Munich; Alemania Fil: Ha, C. Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory; Estados Unidos. University of California at Berkeley; Estados Unidos Fil: Haack, C. Rwth Aachen University; Alemania Fil: Haj Ismail, A. University of Ghent; Bélgica Fil: Hallgren, A. University of Adelaide; Australia Fil: Halzen, F. University of Wisconsin; Estados Unidos Fil: Hansmann, B. Rwth Aachen University; Alemania Fil: Hanson, K. University of Wisconsin; Estados Unidos Fil: Hebecker, D. University of Adelaide; Australia Fil: Heereman, D. Université Libre de Bruxelles; Bélgica Fil: Helbing, K. University of Adelaide; Australia Fil: Hellauer, R. University of Maryland; Estados Unidos Fil: Hellwig, D. Rwth Aachen University; Alemania Fil: Hickford, S. University of Adelaide; Australia Fil: Hignight, J. Michigan State University; Estados Unidos Fil: Hill, G. C. University of Adelaide; Australia Fil: Hoffman, K. D. University of Maryland; Estados Unidos Fil: Hoffmann, R. University of Adelaide; Australia Fil: Holzapfe, K. Universitat Technical Zu Munich; Alemania Fil: Homeier, A. University of Adelaide; Australia Fil: Hoshina, K. University Of Wisconsin Madison; Fil: Huang, F. University of Pennsylvania; Estados Unidos Fil: Huber, M. Universitat Technical Zu Munich; Alemania Fil: Huelsnitz, W. University of Maryland; Estados Unidos Fil: Hulth, P. O. Stockholms Universitet; Suecia Fil: Hultqvist, K. Stockholms Universitet; Suecia Fil: In, S. University of Adelaide; Australia Fil: Ishihara, A. University of Adelaide; Australia Fil: Jacobi, E. University of Adelaide; Australia Fil: Japaridze, G. S. University of Adelaide; Australia Fil: Jero, K. University of Wisconsin; Estados Unidos Fil: Jurkovic, M. Universitat Technical Zu Munich; Alemania Fil: Kaminsky, B. University of Adelaide; Australia Fil: Kappes, A. University of Adelaide; Australia Fil: Karg, T. University of Adelaide; Australia Fil: Karle, A. University of Wisconsin; Estados Unidos Fil: Kauer, M. University of Wisconsin; Estados Unidos. University of Yale; Estados Unidos Fil: Keivani, A. University of Pennsylvania; Estados Unidos Fil: Kelley, J.L. University of Wisconsin; Estados Unidos Fil: Kemp, J. Rwth Aachen University; Alemania Fil: Kheirandish, A. University of Wisconsin; Estados Unidos Fil: Kiryluk, J. University of Adelaide; Australia Fil: Kläs, J. University of Adelaide; Australia Fil: Klein, S. R. Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory; Estados Unidos. University of California at Berkeley; Estados Unidos Fil: Kohnen, G. University of Adelaide; Australia Fil: Koirala, R. University of Adelaide; Australia Fil: Kolanoski, H. University of Adelaide; Australia Fil: Konietz, R. Rwth Aachen University; Alemania Fil: Koob, A. Rwth Aachen University; Alemania Fil: Köpke, L. University Mainz. Institute of Inorganic and Analytical Chemistry, Johannes Gutenberg; Alemania Fil: Kopper, C. University of Alberta; Canadá Fil: Kopper, S. University of Adelaide; Australia Fil: Koskinen, D.J. University of Adelaide; Australia Fil: Kowalski, Andres Mauricio. University of Adelaide; Australia Fil: Krings, K. Universitat Technical Zu Munich; Alemania Fil: Kroll, G. University Mainz. Institute of Inorganic and Analytical Chemistry, Johannes Gutenberg; Alemania Fil: Kroll, M. Ruhr Universität Bochum; Alemania Fil: Kunnen, J. Vrije Unviversiteit Brussel; Bélgica Fil: Kurahashi, N. Drexel University; Estados Unidos Fil: Kuwabara, T. University of Adelaide; Australia Fil: Labare, M. University of Ghent; Bélgica Fil: Lanfranchi, J. L. State University of Pennsylvania; Estados Unidos Fil: Larson, M. J. University of Adelaide; Australia Fil: Lesiak Bzdak, M. Stony Brook University; Estados Unidos Fil: Leuermann, M. Rwth Aachen University; Alemania Fil: Leuner, J. Rwth Aachen University; Alemania Fil: Lünemann, J. University Mainz. Institute of Inorganic and Analytical Chemistry, Johannes Gutenberg; Alemania Fil: Madsen, J. University of Wisconsin; Estados Unidos Fil: Maggi, G. Vrije Unviversiteit Brussel; Bélgica Fil: Mahn, K. B. M. Michigan State University; Estados Unidos Fil: Maruyama, R. University of Yale; Estados Unidos Fil: Mase, K. University of Adelaide; Australia Fil: Matis, H. S. Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory; Estados Unidos Fil: Maunu, R. University of Maryland; Estados Unidos Fil: McNally, F. University of Wisconsin; Estados Unidos Fil: Meagher, K. Université Libre de Bruxelles; Bélgica Fil: Medici, M. University of Adelaide; Australia Fil: Meli, A. University of Ghent; Bélgica Fil: Menne, T. Universitat Dortmund; Alemania Fil: Merino, G. University of Wisconsin; Estados Unidos Fil: Meures, T. Université Libre de Bruxelles; Bélgica Fil: Miarecki, S. University of California at Berkeley; Estados Unidos. Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory; Estados Unidos Fil: Middell, E. University of Adelaide; Australia Fil: Middlemas, E. University of Wisconsin; Estados Unidos Fil: Miller, J. Vrije Unviversiteit Brussel; Bélgica Fil: Mohrmann, L. University of Adelaide; Australia Fil: Montaruli, T. Universidad de Genova; España Fil: Morse, R. University of Wisconsin; Estados Unidos Fil: Nahnhauer, R. University of Adelaide; Australia Fil: Naumann, U. University of Adelaide; Australia Fil: Niederhausen, H. University of Adelaide; Australia Fil: Nowicki, S. C. University of Alberta; Canadá Fil: Nygren, D.R. Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory; Estados Unidos Fil: Obertacke, A. University of Adelaide; Australia Fil: Olivas, A. University of Maryland; Estados Unidos Fil: Omairat, A. University of Adelaide; Australia Fil: O'Murchadha, A. Université Libre de Bruxelles; Bélgica Fil: Palczewski, T. University of Alabama at Birmingahm; Estados Unidos Fil: Pandya, H. University of Adelaide; Australia Fil: Paul, L. Rwth Aachen University; Alemania Fil: Pepper, J. A. University of Alabama at Birmingahm; Estados Unidos Fil: Pérez De Los Heros, C. University of Adelaide; Australia Fil: Pfendner, C. Ohio State University; Estados Unidos Fil: Pieloth, D. Universitat Dortmund; Alemania Fil: Pinat, E. Université Libre de Bruxelles; Bélgica Fil: Posselt, J. University of Adelaide; Australia Fil: Price, P. B. University of California at Berkeley; Estados Unidos Fil: Przybylski, G.T. Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory; Estados Unidos Fil: Pütz, J. Rwth Aachen University; Alemania Fil: Quinnan, M. University of Pennsylvania; Estados Unidos Fil: Rädel, L. Rwth Aachen University; Alemania Fil: Rameez, M. Universidad de Genova; España Fil: Rawlins, K. University Of Alaska; Estados Unidos Fil: Redl, P. University of Maryland; Estados Unidos Fil: Reimann, R. Rwth Aachen University; Alemania Fil: Relich, M. University of Adelaide; Australia Fil: Resconi, E. Universitat Technical Zu Munich; Alemania Fil: Rhode, W. Universitat Dortmund; Alemania Fil: Richman, M. Drexel University; Estados Unidos Fil: Richter, S. University of Wisconsin; Estados Unidos Fil: Riedel, B. University of Alberta; Canadá Fil: Robertson, S. University of Adelaide; Australia Fil: Rongen, M. Rwth Aachen University; Alemania Fil: Rott, C. University of Adelaide; Australia Fil: Ruhe, T. Universitat Dortmund; Alemania Fil: Ryckbosch, D. University of Ghent; Bélgica Fil: Saba, S. M. Ruhr Universität Bochum; Alemania Fil: Sabbatini, L. University of Wisconsin; Estados Unidos Fil: Sander, H. G. University Mainz. Institute of Inorganic and Analytical Chemistry, Johannes Gutenberg; Alemania Fil: Sandrock, A. Universitat Dortmund; Alemania Fil: Sandroos, J. University of Adelaide; Australia Fil: Sarkar, S. University of Oxford; Reino Unido Fil: Schatto, K. University Mainz. Institute of Inorganic and Analytical Chemistry, Johannes Gutenberg; Alemania Fil: Scheriau, F. Universitat Dortmund; Alemania Fil: Schimp, M. Rwth Aachen University; Alemania Fil: Schmidt, T. University of Maryland; Estados Unidos Fil: Schmitz, M. Universitat Dortmund; Alemania Fil: Schoenen, S. Rwth Aachen University; Alemania Fil: Schöneberg, S. Ruhr Universität Bochum; Alemania Fil: Schönwald, A. University of Adelaide; Australia Fil: Schukraft, A. Rwth Aachen University; Alemania Fil: Schulte, L. Universitat Bonn; Alemania Fil: Seckel, D. University of Adelaide; Australia Fil: Seunarine, S. University of Wisconsin; Estados Unidos Fil: Shanidze, R. University of Wisconsin; Estados Unidos Fil: Smith, M. W. E. University of Pennsylvania; Estados Unidos Fil: Soldin, D. University of Adelaide; Australia Fil: Spiczak, G. M. University of Wisconsin; Estados Unidos Fil: Spiering, C. University of Adelaide; Australia Fil: Stahlberg, M. Rwth Aachen University; Alemania Fil: Stamatikos, M. Ohio State University; Estados Unidos Fil: Stanev, T. University of Adelaide; Australia Fil: Stanisha, N. A. State University of Pennsylvania; Estados Unidos Fil: Stasik, A. University of Adelaide; Australia Fil: Stezelberger, T. Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory; Estados Unidos Fil: Stokstad, R. G. Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory; Estados Unidos Fil: Stössl, A. University of Adelaide; Australia Fil: Strahler, E. A. Vrije Unviversiteit Brussel; Bélgica Fil: Ström, R. University of Adelaide; Australia Fil: Strotjohann, N. L. University of Adelaide; Australia Fil: Sullivan, G.W. University of Maryland; Estados Unidos Fil: Sutherland, M. Ohio State University; Estados Unidos Fil: Taavola, H. University of Adelaide; Australia Fil: Taboada, I. Instituto Tecnológico de Georgia; Estados Unidos. Georgia Institute of Techology; Estados Unidos Fil: Ter Antonyan, S. University of Adelaide; Australia Fil: Terliuk, A. University of Adelaide; Australia Fil: Tešić, G. University of Pennsylvania; Estados Unidos Fil: Tilav, S. University of Adelaide; Australia Fil: Toale, P. A. University of Alabama at Birmingahm; Estados Unidos Fil: Tobin, M. N. University of Wisconsin; Estados Unidos Fil: Tosi, D. University of Wisconsin; Estados Unidos Fil: Tselengidou, M. University of Adelaide; Australia Fil: Turcati, A. Universitat Technical Zu Munich; Alemania Fil: Unger, E. University of Adelaide; Australia Fil: Usner, M. University of Adelaide; Australia Fil: Vallecorsa, S. Universidad de Genova; España Fil: Van Eijndhoven, N. Vrije Unviversiteit Brussel; Bélgica Fil: Vandenbroucke, J. University of Wisconsin; Estados Unidos Fil: Van Santen, J. University of Wisconsin; Estados Unidos Fil: Vanheule, S. University of Adelaide; Australia Fil: Veenkamp, J. Universitat Technical Zu Munich; Alemania Fil: Vehring, M. Rwth Aachen University; Alemania Fil: Voge, M. Universitat Bonn; Alemania Fil: Vraeghe, M. University of Ghent; Bélgica Fil: Walck, C. Stockholms Universitet; Suecia Fil: Wallraff, M. Rwth Aachen University; Alemania Fil: Wandkowsky, N. University of Wisconsin; Estados Unidos Fil: Weaver, Ch. University of Wisconsin; Estados Unidos Fil: Wendt, C. University of Wisconsin; Estados Unidos Fil: Westerhoff, S. University of Wisconsin; Estados Unidos Fil: Whelan, B. J. University of Adelaide; Australia Fil: Whitehorn, N. University of Wisconsin; Estados Unidos Fil: Wichary, C. Rwth Aachen University; Alemania Fil: Wiebe, K. University Mainz. Institute of Inorganic and Analytical Chemistry, Johannes Gutenberg; Alemania Fil: Wiebusch, C. H. Rwth Aachen University; Alemania Fil: Wille, L. University of Wisconsin; Estados Unidos Fil: Williams, D. R. University of Alabama at Birmingahm; Estados Unidos Fil: Wissing, H. University of Maryland; Estados Unidos Fil: Wolf, M. Stockholms Universitet; Suecia Fil: Wood, T. R. University of Alberta; Canadá Fil: Woschnagg, K. University of California at Berkeley; Estados Unidos Fil: Ramos Elizagaray, Sabina Irantxu. University of Alabama at Birmingahm; Estados Unidos Fil: Xu, X. W. University of Adelaide; Australia Fil: Xu, Y. University of Adelaide; Australia Fil: Cortés Yáñez, Diego Alejandro. University of Adelaide; Australia Fil: Yodh, G. University of California at Irvine; Estados Unidos Fil: Yoshida, S. University of Adelaide; Australia Fil: Zarzhitsky, P. University of Alabama at Birmingahm; Estados Unidos Fil: Zoll, M. Stockholms Universitet; Suecia Fil: Ofek, Eran O. Weizmann Institute Of Science Israel; Israel Fil: Kasliwal, Mansi M. University of Adelaide; Australia Fil: Nugent, Peter E. Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory; Estados Unidos. University of California at Berkeley; Estados Unidos Fil: Arcavi, Iair. University of Adelaide; Australia Fil: Bloom, Joshua S. Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory; Estados Unidos. University of California at Berkeley; Estados Unidos Fil: Kulkarni, Shrinivas R. California Institute of Technology; Estados Unidos Fil: Perley, Daniel A. California Institute of Technology; Estados Unidos Fil: Barlow, Tom. California Institute of Technology; Estados Unidos Fil: Horesh, Assaf. Weizmann Institute Of Science Israel; Israel Fil: Gal-Yam, Avishay. Weizmann Institute Of Science Israel; Israel Fil: Howell, D. A. University of California; Estados Unidos Fil: Dilday, Ben. University of Idaho; Estados Unidos Fil: Evans, Phil A. University of Leicester; Reino Unido Fil: Kennea, Jamie A. State University of Pennsylvania; Estados Unidos Fil: Burgett, W. S. University of Hawaii at Manoa; Estados Unidos Fil: Chambers, K. C. University of Hawaii at Manoa; Estados Unidos Fil: Kaiser, N. University of Hawaii at Manoa; Estados Unidos Fil: Waters, C. University of Hawaii at Manoa; Estados Unidos Fil: Flewelling, H. University of Hawaii at Manoa; Estados Unidos Fil: Tonry, J. L. University of Hawaii at Manoa; Estados Unidos Fil: Rest, A. Space Telescope Science Institute; Estados Unidos Fil: Smartt, S. J. The Queens University of Belfast; Irlanda