A stem falconid bird from the Lower Eocene of Antarctica and the early southern radiation of the falcons

Antarctoboenus carlinii nov. gen. nov. sp. is a large-sized falconiform bird from the La Meseta Formation (Lower Eocene) at Seymour (Marambio) Island, West Antarctica. The holotypical tarsometatarsus was originally assigned to Falconidae and its affinities to Polyborinae were pointed out. Detailed o...

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Bibliographic Details
Published in:Journal of Ornithology
Main Authors: Cenizo, Marcos, Noriega, Jorge Ignacio, Reguero, Marcelo Alfredo
Format: Article in Journal/Newspaper
Language:English
Published: Wiley Blackwell Publishing, Inc
Subjects:
Online Access:http://hdl.handle.net/11336/54190
Description
Summary:Antarctoboenus carlinii nov. gen. nov. sp. is a large-sized falconiform bird from the La Meseta Formation (Lower Eocene) at Seymour (Marambio) Island, West Antarctica. The holotypical tarsometatarsus was originally assigned to Falconidae and its affinities to Polyborinae were pointed out. Detailed osteological and comparative analyses of the Antarctic specimen allowed recognition of the new taxon as a member of stem group Falconidae, i.e. it is supposed to belong to the early radiation of the falconiform lineage. Antarctoboenus carlinii is distinguished from members of crown group Falconidae by having a very shallow sulcus extensorius, a large foramen vasculare distale, an undistinguishable tendinal attachment for the m. adductor digiti II, and short trochlea metatarsi II, among its main diagnostic characters. Purported phylogenetic relationships between A. carlinii and Polyborinae are based on plesiomorphic characters retained in the tarsometatarsus of the latter clade. Our conclusions reinforce the hypothesis about the Neotropical or Austral origin of Falconidae supported by previous molecular phylogenies. Antarctoboenus carlinii nov. gen. nov. sp. ist ein großer falkenartiger Vogel aus der La Meseta Formation (Untereozän) auf der Seymour-Insel (Isla Marambio) in der Westantarktis. Der Holotyp-Tarsometatarsus wurde ursprünglich den Falconidae (Falkenartigen) zugeordnet, und seine Ähnlichkeiten mit den Polyborinae (Geierfalken) wurden hervorgehoben. Detaillierte osteologische und vergleichende Analysen des Antarktis-Exemplars ermöglichten es, das neue Taxon als ein Mitglied der Stammgruppe Falconidae anzuerkennen, d.h. es gehört vermutlich der frühen Radiation der Falconiformes-Abstammungslinie an. Antarctoboenus carlinii unterscheidet sich von den Mitgliedern der Kronengruppe Falconidae durch mehrere diagnostische Merkmale, u.a. einen sehr flachen sulcus extensorius, ein großes foramen vasculare distale, einen undeutlichen Sehnenansatz für den m. adductor digiti II und kurze trochlea metatarsi II. Angebliche ...