| Summary: | Fishes of the perciform suborder Notothenioidei, which dominate theichthyofauna in the freezing waters surrounding the Antarctic continent, representone of the prime examples of adaptive radiation in a marine environment. Driven byunique adaptations, such as antifreeze glycoproteins that lower their internal freezingpoint, notothenioids have not only managed to adapt to sub-zero temperaturesand the presence of sea ice, but also diversified into over 130 species. We herereview the current knowledge about the most prominent notothenioid characteristics,how these evolved during the evolutionary history of the suborder, how theycompare between Antarctic and non-Antarctic groups of notothenioids, and howthey could relate to speciation processes. Fil: Michael Matschiner. Universidad de Basilea; Suiza Fil: Colombo, Marco. Universidad de Basilea; Suiza Fil: Damerau, Malte. Thünen Institute Of Fisheries Ecology; Alemania Fil: Ceballos, Santiago Guillermo. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas. Centro Austral de Investigaciones Científicas; Argentina Fil: Hanel, Reinhold. Thünen Institute Of Fisheries Ecology; Alemania Fil: Salzburger, Walter. Universidad de Basilea; Suiza
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