| Summary: | During 1941 and 1942 the writer had the opportunity of carrying out studies on the arrangement-patterns of the main arteries in the neck and thorax of five species of Penguins. This study was greatly facilitated by materials made available to him by the Division of Birds, United States National Museum, and the Depart-ment of Ornithology, Royal Ontario Museum of Zoology. The materials for this study included single specimens of the Rock-hopper Penguin Eudyptes crestatus (Miller), the "Johnny " Penguin Pygoscelis papua (Forster), Humboldt's Jackass Penguin Spheniscus humboldti (Meyen), the Galapagos Penguin Spheniscus mendiculus (Sundevall), and one immature and two adult specimens of the Black-footed Penguin Spheniscus demersus (Linne). Routine dissections and diagrams of the arterial arrangement in the neck and thorax were made. The information thus obtained is set forth in the following observations. OBSERVATIONS The basic arrangement-pattern of the Spheniscidae is exemplified by Eudyptes
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