© InternationalJournal.org Water Chemistry in the Confluence Zone Downstream a Limestone Treated Lake and an Acid Tributary: Principal Component Analyses

• Main Authors: Including Warm, Cold Winters, An Episode High In Sea-salts, Dag Olav Andersen, Alfred A. Christy
• Other Authors: The Pennsylvania State University CiteSeerX Archives
• Format: Text
• Language: English
• Subjects: Norway; North Atlantic
• Online Access: http://citeseerx.ist.psu.edu/viewdoc/summary?doi=10.1.1.301.3107; http://www.openaccesslibrary.org/images/XEW244_Alfred_A._Christy_II_.pdf

Abstract: Extensive limestone treatment of lakes and watercourses has been carried out especially in Norway and Sweden to counteract effects of acidification. Lakes have been the most commonly treated part of the water systems. However, treatment of lakes upstream acid tributaries may introduce downstream toxic mixing zones for fish. To sort this out the outlet of a treated lake, a downstream acid tributary and two sites in the confluence zone were intensely monitored during a period of 28 months. The data accumulated come from a period (from February 1992) where significant climatic variations took place that provide a basis for studying intercorrelations between water chemistry and climatic change. The first two winters were warmer than normal and the catchments were hardly covered with snow and the lake was ice-covered only for a few days. The last winter was colder than normal, nival and the lake was ice-covered from December to April. During the second winter a low pressure over the north Atlantic gave strong south-westerly winds and large amounts of precipitation loaded with sea-salts. The principal component analysis (PCA) separates both the outlet and the tributary data into two groups while the data from the confluence zone are separated into three. Significant different water chemistry was observed in the outlet during the ice-covered