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This paper is a review of the literature on oil spill dispersants published from 1997 to January, 2002. As in the literature before this time period, it was found that results are often contradictory from one study to another. The paper also identifies and summarizes recent advances in dispersant ef...
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| Format: | Text |
| Language: | English |
| Published: |
2002
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| Online Access: | http://citeseerx.ist.psu.edu/viewdoc/summary?doi=10.1.1.134.8446 http://www.pwsrcac.org/docs/d0002700.pdf |
| Summary: | This paper is a review of the literature on oil spill dispersants published from 1997 to January, 2002. As in the literature before this time period, it was found that results are often contradictory from one study to another. The paper also identifies and summarizes recent advances in dispersant effectiveness, toxicity, and application technology. The results of the review indicate that dispersant effectiveness continues to be a major issue and is unresolved for Alaska North Slope (ANS) crude oil. Results of one recent dispersant effectiveness study for moderate-energy apparatus demonstrate dispersant effectiveness values ranging from 5 to 15 % for ANS crude oil. This study was conducted at water salinities and temperatures known to occur in Alaskan waters, specifically Prince William Sound. High-energy tests such as the MNS, IFP, and EXDET demonstrate higher dispersant effectiveness results, however, the temperatures and salinities used are outside the range of those known for Prince William Sound. New studies question the high values of such tests. Large-scale testing and field tests show effectiveness values that are fractions even of the moderate-energy tests. Since 1997, there have been numerous studies on the toxicity of oil and dispersed oil. |
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