Ca2+/Calmodulin-NOS/NO-TNFs Pathway Hallmarks the Inflammation Response of Oyster During Aerial Exposure

Aerial exposure (emersion) due to the periodical ebb and flow of tides is a major stressor for intertidal organisms and a key environmental factor in shaping their local communities. Oysters are among the most emersion-tolerant mollusk species and can survive for several days under aerial exposure....

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Bibliographic Details
Published in:Frontiers in Marine Science
Main Authors: Chen, Hao, Xin, Lusheng, Wang, Lin, Zhang, Huan, Liu, Rui, Wang, Hao, Qiao, Xue, Wang, Lingling, Song, Linsheng
Format: Report
Language:English
Published: FRONTIERS MEDIA SA 2021
Subjects:
intertidal zone
calmodulin
nitrite oxide
tumor necrosis factor
aerial exposure
Environmental Sciences & Ecology
Marine & Freshwater Biology
Environmental Sciences
NITRIC-OXIDE SYNTHASE
INTRACELLULAR CALCIUM-CONCENTRATION
CRASSOSTREA-GIGAS
PHYSIOLOGICAL ADAPTATIONS
TARGET RECOGNITION
OXIDATIVE STRESS
AIR EXPOSURE
HEAT-SHOCK
ACTIVATION
Crassostrea gigas
Online Access:http://ir.qdio.ac.cn/handle/337002/170089
https://doi.org/10.3389/fmars.2020.603825
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Summary:Aerial exposure (emersion) due to the periodical ebb and flow of tides is a major stressor for intertidal organisms and a key environmental factor in shaping their local communities. Oysters are among the most emersion-tolerant mollusk species and can survive for several days under aerial exposure. Noticeably, overwhelming inflammation responses could occur during the emersion stress. However, mechanisms beneath the activation and modulation of emersion-induced inflammation response have remained largely unknown. Ca2+ is an important intracellular second messenger that plays indispensable roles in inflammation response by cooperation with calmodulin (CaM) genes. Here, we showed that intracellular Ca2+ accumulates rapidly in oyster hemocytes during emersion stress along with the changes in the protein levels of three CaM genes, which function as intracellular sensors of Ca2+. As downstream effector of Ca2+/CaM complex, nitric oxide synthase (NOS) activity in hemocytes was enhanced during the emersion stress, facilitating a greater production of nitrite oxide (NO). Augmentation of NO concentration was associated with the increased mRNA expression levels of two oyster cytokines (CgTNFs) during aerial exposure. The robust accumulation of cytokines and severe injury of tissues in oysters have been regarded as potential cause and marker of their death in prolonged emersion stress. Here, both the expression levels of CgTNFs and the tissue injuries of oysters were attenuated when Ca2+/CaM complex or NOS activity were repressed in vivo during the emersion stress. These findings indicate that Ca2+/CaM-NOS/NO-CgTNFs pathway is critically involved in the emersion-induced inflammation response in oysters and plays a role in the resistance against long-term aerial exposure.

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