Genome and Transcriptome Analyses Provide Insight into the Euryhaline Adaptation Mechanism of Crassostrea gigas

Background: The Pacific oyster, Crassostrea gigas, has developed special mechanisms to regulate its osmotic balance to adapt to fluctuations of salinities in coastal zones. To understand the oyster's euryhaline adaptation, we analyzed salt stress effectors metabolism pathways under different sa...

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Bibliographic Details
Published in:PLoS ONE
Main Authors: Meng, Jie, Zhu, Qihui, Zhang, Linlin, Li, Chunyan, Li, Li, She, Zhicai, Huang, Baoyu, Zhang, Guofan, Li, L
Format: Article in Journal/Newspaper
Language:English
Published: 2013
Subjects:
Science & Technology - Other Topics
Multidisciplinary Sciences
Science & Technology
CELL-VOLUME REGULATION
PACIFIC OYSTER
AMINO-ACID
INTERTIDAL ZONE
GENE-EXPRESSION
MARINE MOLLUSKS
MARKER GENES
SALINITY
STRESS
TAURINE
Pacific
Crassostrea gigas
Pacific oyster
Online Access:http://ir.qdio.ac.cn/handle/337002/16701
https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0058563
Description
Summary:Background: The Pacific oyster, Crassostrea gigas, has developed special mechanisms to regulate its osmotic balance to adapt to fluctuations of salinities in coastal zones. To understand the oyster's euryhaline adaptation, we analyzed salt stress effectors metabolism pathways under different salinities (salt 5, 10, 15, 20, 25, 30 and 40 for 7 days) using transcriptome data, physiology experiment and quantitative real-time PCR. Background: The Pacific oyster, Crassostrea gigas, has developed special mechanisms to regulate its osmotic balance to adapt to fluctuations of salinities in coastal zones. To understand the oyster's euryhaline adaptation, we analyzed salt stress effectors metabolism pathways under different salinities (salt 5, 10, 15, 20, 25, 30 and 40 for 7 days) using transcriptome data, physiology experiment and quantitative real-time PCR. Results: Transcriptome data uncovered 189, 480, 207 and 80 marker genes for monitoring physiology status of oysters and the environment conditions. Three known salt stress effectors (involving ion channels, aquaporins and free amino acids) were examined. The analysis of ion channels and aquaporins indicated that 7 days long-term salt stress inhibited voltage-gated Na+/K+ channel and aquaporin but increased calcium-activated K+ channel and Ca2+ channel. As the most important category of osmotic stress effector, we analyzed the oyster FAAs metabolism pathways (including taurine, glycine, alanine, beta-alanine, proline and arginine) and explained FAAs functional mechanism for oyster low salinity adaptation. FAAs metabolism key enzyme genes displayed expression differentiation in low salinity adapted individuals comparing with control which further indicated that FAAs played important roles for oyster salinity adaptation. A global metabolic pathway analysis (iPath) of oyster expanded genes displayed a co-expansion of FAAs metabolism in C. gigas compared with seven other species, suggesting oyster's powerful ability regarding FAAs metabolism, allowing it to adapt to ...

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