The Molecular Differentiation of Anatomically Paired Left and Right Mantles of the Pacific Oyster Crassostrea gigas

Left-right (L-R) asymmetry is controlled by gene regulation pathways for the L-R axis, and in vertebrates, the gene Pitx2 in TGF-beta signaling pathway plays important roles in the asymmetrical formation of organs. However, less is known about the asymmetries of anatomically identical paired organs,...

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Bibliographic Details
Published in:Marine Biotechnology
Main Authors: Wei, Lei, Xu, Fei, Wang, Yuzhi, Cai, Zhongqiang, Yu, Wenchao, He, Cheng, Jiang, Qiuyun, Xu, Xiqiang, Guo, Wen, Wang, Xiaotong
Format: Report
Language:English
Published: SPRINGER 2018
Subjects:
Pacific oyster
Asymmetry of paired organs
Mantle
The gene Pitx
Methylation
Promoter region
Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology
Marine & Freshwater Biology
LEFT-RIGHT ASYMMETRY
GENE-EXPRESSION
DNA METHYLATION
EVOLUTION
PATHWAY
PITX2
VERTEBRATES
ALIGNMENT
BILATERIA
PROTEIN
Pacific
Crassostrea gigas
Online Access:http://ir.qdio.ac.cn/handle/337002/163482
https://doi.org/10.1007/s10126-018-9806-8
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Summary:Left-right (L-R) asymmetry is controlled by gene regulation pathways for the L-R axis, and in vertebrates, the gene Pitx2 in TGF-beta signaling pathway plays important roles in the asymmetrical formation of organs. However, less is known about the asymmetries of anatomically identical paired organs, as well as the transcriptional regulation mechanism of the gene Pitx in invertebrates. Here, we report the molecular biological differences between the left and right mantles of an invertebrate, the Pacific oyster Crassostrea gigas, and propose one possible mechanism underlying those differences. RNA sequencing (RNA-seq) analysis indicated that the paired organs showed different gene expression patterns, suggesting possible functional differences in shell formation, pheromone signaling, nerve conduction, the stress response, and other physiological processes. RNA-seq and real-time qPCR analysis indicated high right-side expression of the Pitx homolog (cgPitx) in oyster mantle, supporting a conserved role for Pitx in controlling asymmetry. Methylation-dependent restriction-site associated DNA sequencing (MethylRAD) identified a methylation site in the promoter region of cgPitx and showed significantly different methylation levels between the left and right mantles. This is the first report, to our knowledge, of such a difference in methylation in spiralians, and it was further confirmed in 18 other individuals by using a pyrosequencing assay. The miRNome analysis and the TGF-beta receptor/Smad inhibition experiment further supported that several genes in TGF-beta signaling pathway may be related with the L/R asymmetry of oyster mantles. These results suggested that the molecular differentiation of the oyster's paired left and right mantles is significant, TGF-beta signaling pathway could be involved in establishing or maintaining the asymmetry, and the cgPitx gene as one of genes in this pathway; the different methylation levels in its promoter regions between L/R mantles was the one of possible mechanisms regulating ...

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