ピウスツキ採集のアイヌ語樺太方言民話テキスト : 「カレイ男とカジカ男」

• Main Authors: 阪口, 諒, SAKAGUCHI, Ryo
• Format: Report
• Language: Japanese
• Published: 千葉大学大学院人文公共学府 2020
• Subjects: アイヌ語; 樺太方言; ピウスツキ; トゥイタハ; 人称; Nivkh; Sakhalin
• Online Access: https://opac.ll.chiba-u.jp/da/curator/107765/; https://opac.ll.chiba-u.jp/da/curator/107765/354-P043.pdf

[はじめに]本稿はポーランドの民族学者ブロニスラフ・ピウスツキ（BronisławPiłsudski, 1866-1918）が採集したアイヌ語樺太方言民話テキストの一つを考察するものである。ピウスツキによるアイヌ語資料は20世紀初頭というかなり早い時期の優れた記録であり、アイヌ語、アイヌ文化の重要な資料となっている。しかしながら、アイヌ語テキストに関しては内容だけでなく、言語的な側面に関する分析が十分になされているとは言い難い。そこで本稿では、ピウスツキ資料の中から魚類が登場する民話テキストを取り上げ、アイヌ語原文並びに内容面にわたる検討を行う。第1節でピウスツキのアイヌ語資料を概観したのち、第2節ではそのうち「カレイ男とカジカ男」という民話を取り上げ、後にカール・エッターによって採集された同じ民話との比較を行うとともに、周辺民族の類話を紹介する。次いで民話に登場するカレイ・カジカに関して、民話に描かれた生態から分かることを述べる。さらに第3節ではアイヌ語の言語的な側面に関して簡単に検討し、第4節で「小カレイ男と小カジカ男」のアイヌ語テキストの音韻表記、形態素分析、日本語訳を提示する。 Bronisław Piłsudski (1866-1918), a Polish ethnologist, collected many Ainu materials during his stay in Sakhalin. His materials are valuable both from ethnological and linguistic viewpoints. In the present paper, the author takes up Tuita 3 of Pilsudskij ( 2002). This tale is regarded as a tuytah fairy tale ’’, and in this tale, fishes act and live like humans, although the tale also reflects how these fishes live. The same story was recorded by Etter (1949) from another speaker about 30 years later. Similar motifs are also found among the Nivkh people who live in Sakhalin. The author maintains that these texts should be studied in comparison with other sources. For this purpose, we will make some remarks on the contents of the story, discuss some linguistic i ssue s, and reconstruct the text in phonological transcription with morphological analysis and Japanese translation. A Flatfish Man and a Sculpin Man : There was a small flatfish man and a small sculpin man. The flatfish man heard that the daughter of Kakan (<khan, governor) in the offshore country was so beautiful. So he wanted to get married with her and went to the offshore country. When the young woman came down to the beach to scoop saltwater, The flatfish got inside the dipper and was thus brought to Kakan's house. The young woman fell deeply in love with him. However, Kakan disliked the flatfish man. One day, a stranger came out of the house, and they went to a mountain to get firewood. Then, they happen ed to meet a bear, and the flatfish man was thr ...