萬那杜北部Lapita早期陶器來源分析—以萬那杜Makué遺址為例

• Main Authors: 林佑庭, Lin, Yu-Ting
• Other Authors: 考古學研究所, 邱斯嘉, Chiu, Scarlett
• Format: Thesis
• Language: Chinese
• Published: 2020
• Subjects: 萬那杜; Makué遺址; Lapita文化叢; 陶器岩相分析; 來源分析; 交換; Vanuatu; Maku� site; Lapita cultural complex; ceramic petrography; provenance analysis; exchange; Malo; Nes; Nes’; Banks Island
• Online Access: http://ir.lib.ncku.edu.tw/handle/987654321/199729; http://ir.lib.ncku.edu.tw/bitstream/987654321/199729/1/index.html

Lapita文化叢指在1410-1290 B.C.間出現於俾斯麥群島的大洋洲史前文化，其範圍涵蓋俾斯麥群島至索羅門群島、萬那杜、新喀里多尼亞，最遠至斐濟、東加和薩摩亞。本研究的Makué遺址位於萬那杜北部的Aore島上，為目前萬那杜定年最早的遺址，同時也是Santa Cruz群島以南出土最多黑曜石的遺址。 根據過去Makué遺址的相關研究，其黑曜石的來源最多來自俾斯麥群島的Willaumez半島，從此推測Makué遺址可能和俾斯麥群島有長距離的交換現象，並且遺址中的黑曜石的重量、大小，與Santa Cruz群島出土的十分相近，推測Makué遺址可能和Santa Cruz群島一樣，是作為遠大洋洲的黑曜石的中繼站。但透過黑曜石研究僅能了解其來源，無法知道其中的交換歷程或其他規模的交換網絡。藉著釐清Makué遺址Lapita早期的交換狀態，對於Lapita人群初期殖民萬那杜的社會網路和人群的擴散會有更進一步的認識，有助於建立萬那杜的區域考古的基礎。 本研究以Makué遺址Lapita早期的陶器遺留作為研究對象，並著重陶器操作鍊中的「原料取得」階段進行探討，以岩相分析作為研究方法並對照地質資訊和Dickinson教授所分析的萬那杜摻和料類型，推測Makué遺址的陶器來源，藉此釐清Makué遺址在Lapita早期與對外的關係，和其交換網絡形成的因素，為Makué遺址提供不同的尺度的交換網絡，嘗試勾勒出Lapita人初期殖民萬那杜的社會樣態。 經由岩相分析和對照當地地質資料，Makué遺址Lapita早期的陶器切片，可分為六個岩相群和一個Loner，且各岩相群中皆含有火山岩屑，符合萬那杜火山群島的地質狀況。後對照Dickinson教授的萬那杜摻和料類型特徵，得出多數陶器切片樣本皆來自Makué遺址的周遭島嶼 (Snato-Malo/Malakula)，並嘗試以遺址功能特性和殖民時間推論形成此現象的原因。並根據Lapita人群的擴散路線、黑曜石研究和陶器紋飾相關研究，皆顯示Makué遺址和Santa Cruz/Reef群島有一定程度的關聯，運用目前現有Santa Cruz/Reef群島 (SZ8)的岩相資料進行比對，得出Makué遺址和Santa Cruz/Reef群島的陶器沒有交流的狀況，但目前仍需要更多Santa Cruz群島遺址的岩相資訊，才能更完善討論Makué遺址和Santa Cruz/Reef群島之間的關聯。 This research attempts to understand the ancient Lapita society, specifically the possible movement and exchange of pottery, by examining the composition of Lapita pottery sherds. Maku� site, is located on the Aore Island in northern Vanuatu. It is considered to be part of the Lapita cultural complex and has the earliest dating in Vanuatu as of now. A large quantity of obsidians (largest among all the Lapita sites in south of Santa Cruz islands) has been unearthed from Maku� site and their origins could be traced back to Willaumez Peninsula, Lou island and Banks island. While the evidence of obsidians attests to the existence of long-distance exchange in the past, the routes and other information of the exchange system still elude us. The analytical framework of the research is based on the concept of Cha�nes Op�ratoires with a special focus on the acquisition of raw material (temper). And using petrographic analysis of the pottery sherds from the bottom cultural layer was conducted to understand the relation between Maku� and other islands in the initial phase of colonization, in order to have a better understanding of the role of Maku� in the exchange system and to map out an overall picture of the ancient Lapita society. The provenience is demonstrated by the tempers in the thin sections samples, which match the characteristics of the volcanic bedrock of Vanuatu. And more than half of the thin sections are distinguished from islands near Aore Island by temper types of Vanuatu that analysed by Dr. Dickinson. We suggest that the Lapita people in Maku� had a closer relationship with nearby islands in northern Vanuatu and much tenuous connection with southern Vanuatu or the area further to the south. Through the study of different kinds of artifact, the Lapita exchange system not a single centralization trade network, but a series of multiple networks that had different scales and dynamic.