全球化時代禽流感的政治經濟學分析－越南、泰國與印尼的個案研究

• Main Authors: 黃鴻茗, Huang, Hong-Ming
• Other Authors: 政治經濟研究所, 宋鎮照, Soong, Jenn-Jaw
• Format: Thesis
• Language: Chinese; English
• Published: 2014
• Subjects: 禽流感; 全球化; 傳染病; 政府效能; 公衛醫療; avian influenza; globalization; government efficiency; infectious disease; public health; Avian flu
• Online Access: http://ir.lib.ncku.edu.tw/handle/987654321/150154; http://ir.lib.ncku.edu.tw/bitstream/987654321/150154/-1/index.html

全球性傳染病的非典、禽流感、豬流感，甚至是非洲的伊波拉，近年來在低度開發，與開發中國家四處肆虐。全球化人員、物流的千百倍快速移動不只改變了距離與時間的涵義，也帶來長輩一輩子都沒見過的傳染病。原本保護大家的山川大澤地理疆域，也瞬間「消失」。原本以為只有H5N1、H1N1的，現在又發現H3N2、H7N9、H8N10的流感病毒。擔心人類浩劫會從此開始，本研究從問題意識的萌發，整整醞釀5-6年。從「歷史文獻回顧」、「政治經濟學理分析」和「比較研究」的質化研究著手，本文以禽流感防疫結果不同的越南、泰國、印尼社會為例，進行防疫的模型論述。透過對疫情相關5大因子「全球化程度」、「政府效能」、「傳統社會文化相關」、「危機處理能力」、「公衛醫療水平」的剖析，以傳染病理論的防疫三要素「銷毀減少病原體」、「隔離傳播途徑」、「提昇宿主社群抵抗力」為研究主軸，試著去解構這5大因子何者會強化感控的強度，或是助長疫情惡化的元凶。透過本文圖3-2禽流感疫情發展分析架構圖，比較這3個國家的禽流感疫情發展，從國際區域合作、中央政府政策制定、地方政府政策執行、疫情監控等不同層次的觀察，歸納出結論如下：全球化因素會導致傳染病的擴散，人畜禽混居的傳統生活會讓跨物種感染變得更容易。公衛醫療水平較低的社會，對傳染病的預防、監控到防疫概念不足，成為傳染病孳生的溫床，也讓禽流感在地化成為可能。這3個因素正是低度開發和開發中國家常遭傳染病肆虐的主因。在作政府防疫比較時，發現政治體制不同跟地方政府效能能否彰顯，有某程度的關連。然而防疫成敗最主要的關鍵，還是在於政府的態度與效能。而政府效能的關鍵，與政府的領導人是誰，有絕對相關。國家政府對禽流感危機的管理，是國內災損能否縮減，與疫情是否擴大成國際化的關鍵。同樣是2003年引爆，2007年後的泰國，人類禽流感病例沒再發生，印尼的禽流感卻可能變成在地化，國家政府的作為是全球化傳染病防疫工作成敗的關鍵。 The avian influenza under globalization had become more terrible and not easily under control especially in the poor developing countries The study took much notice of the avian flu in Vietnam Thailand and Indonesia since 2003 till 2013 and tried to explain the logical theory of different development in the 3 countries With the research methods of historical literature review further analysis by the political economic theory and comparative study in the 3 countries There were 5 factors were found associated with the bird flu including the globalization government efficiency public health crisis management and traditional customs The factors of globalization and traditional customs made the avian flu disaster worsen The other 3 factors of government efficiency public health crisis management could more effectively reduce the avian flu in the country By our observation we found the globalization factor really made the global infectious disease worsen but the higher public health had made the infectious disease calm down immediately Besides the better government efficiency and crisis management the government did the less the property damage and people died it had gotten It was the reason why there was no people died of the avian flu infection since 2007 in Thailand In contrast the avian flu had almost become the localized infectious disease in Indonesia