後海螯蝦種化模式及族群遺傳研究

• Main Author: 林鳳嬌
• Other Authors: 生物多樣性研究所
• Format: Report
• Language: Chinese; English
• Published: 2011
• Subjects: Antarctic; Antarc*
• Online Access: http://ir.lib.ncku.edu.tw/handle/987654321/121350; http://ir.lib.ncku.edu.tw/bitstream/987654321/121350/-1/index.html

計畫編號:NSC99-2321-B006-013-MY3 執行機構:國立成功大學生物多樣性研究所 研究期間:2011-08~2012-07 後海螯蝦屬大都是具有高經濟價值的甲殼十足類，本屬共有20種，其中包括了3種化石種和17種現生種，棲息於海水深度約50到1000公尺。本屬以外部形態被分為四群。海螯蝦的由南緯高緯度的淺海地區往低緯度深海擴張的演化假說已成形，而目前已知臺灣產的四種後海螯蝦中有M. formosanus, 和M. armatus為臺灣特有種，M. thomsoni則可能為隠蔽新種；因此後海螯蝦的種化和族群遺傳研究不僅佔了地利之便，更能突顯臺灣在海洋動物的演化和分佈上的重要地位。針對臺灣產四種後海螯蝦類，並與其他四種近緣種後海螯蝦，進行基因體及適應性相關基因、族群遺傳結構的研究。本研究將分為三年進行：藉由超高速分子序列儀進行分子序列，根據轉譯區間(coding region sequence)的序列變異，透過生物資訊的分析檢驗環境相關基因擁有正向天擇的比例，藉此鑑定出與適應相關的基因 (第一年)，及完整選殖出逆境下的環境相關基因群，探討在不同逆境下哪些環境相關基因參與，進一步探討環境適應的機制及種化模式、建立臺灣後海螯蝦的生態基因體研究(第二年)，選殖出數組細胞核的微衛星基因座和粒腺體DNA片段做為分子標記，探討後海螯蝦類的族群遺傳結構，並了解其遺傳多樣性(第三年) 。 and 17 extant species are known in Metanephrops and they are discovered at depths of 50-1000 m in marine environment. They are often divided into four morphological groups. The hypothesis that southern higher latitudes in shallow-water, near to or at Antarctic was the region where Metanephrops originated and then radiated to lower latitudes and deeper waters was supported. Since four species of Metanephrops are found in Taiwan and two of them are endemic species, which provides an opportunity to examine and to understand the speciation pattern of Metanephrops and population genetics structures. In this three-year project, functional genomics variation among Meranephrops species will be examined by Solexa technology. The environment-adaption related genes will also be cloned. The hypothesis of speciation pattern will be tested based on genetic divergence among taxa. For this purpose, several key genes which regulate at the different environment stress will be examined. In addition, based on the bioinformatics analyses of cDNA libraries, genes under positive selection will be identified and investigated. Population genetic structures of Meranephrops will also be studied. The study, addressing the environment-adaption at genomic level, will provide insights into the ecological genomics.