臺灣地區各縣市碳平衡之初探

• Main Authors: 郭婷婷, Kuo, Ting-Ting
• Other Authors: 都市計劃學系碩博士班, 鄒克萬, Tsou, Ko-wan
• Format: Thesis
• Language: Chinese; English
• Published: 2011
• Subjects: Greenland
• Online Access: http://ir.lib.ncku.edu.tw/handle/987654321/115684; http://ir.lib.ncku.edu.tw/bitstream/987654321/115684/-1/index.html

根據世界環境與發展委會(WCED the World Commission on Environment and Development)於1987年對永續發展所下定義：「可以符合當代需求，又不至於危害後代子孫滿足其需求能力的一種發展模式。」永續發展的觀念變成為現代都市規劃與發展的核心理念，係立基於一個最根本的思考點─「世代公平」。打破一昧追求「當代」間經濟效率及公平配置的觀念，反向從自然環境面思考，將下個世代對於生活環境的基本需求，納入當代人類開發與發展的考量，才能促使各世代延綿持續的發展。 溫室氣體自工業革命以來大量成長，其中又以二氧化碳影響最大，造成溫室效應的現象、生態系統的改變、氣候變遷異常等問題，對於全球氣候負面影響多面且巨大，而從國際相關條約亦可得知二氧化碳減量之急迫性。根據IPCC報告指出二氧化碳上升的主因來自於人類化石燃料的使用，顯示出二氧化碳減量必須從能源著手。生態系統中綠地具有自我調節與淨化的?能，可以吸收大氣中的二氧化碳，但人類在發展的同時，將綠地轉換為發展用地，導致二氧化碳濃度上升，有鑑於此，本研究嘗試從碳平衡的觀點來量化在都市發展下能源使用與自然生態環境共存下，綠地需求量的推算，本研究綠地固碳量分為兩類─行政轄區內綠地及都市綠地，用以檢視臺灣地區各縣市碳排放狀況及綠地固碳量，是否可以達到平衡狀態，研究結果如下： 1 臺灣地區目前碳排放量最高的部門為工業部門(59 12%)，其次為運輸部門(20 83%)，再者為住宅部門(9 17%)，顯示出臺灣地區主要的碳排放來自於工業部門。 2 臺灣地區碳排放量前五名的縣市為台北縣、桃園縣、台中縣、高雄縣、台北市，其碳排放量主要來自於工業部門，且比例高達60%以上。 3 都市發展程度越高所消耗的能源就越多，單位面積碳排放量也較高，例如： 台北市、高雄市、台中市、台南市、嘉義市、新竹市，此六個縣市都市發展用地高達90%以上。 4 本研究從碳平衡之觀點探討行政轄區與都市兩者之差異，其中發現都市綠地的固碳量皆處於不平衡的狀態，行政區界內綠地固碳量在臺灣地區23個縣市中有七個縣市處於不平衡的狀態，其中以台北市、高雄市、台中市最嚴重，其各需要綠地面積佔其土地面積的94%、88%、55%。 According to the definition given by World Commission on Environment and Development of the United (WCED) in 1987 sustainable development is defined as ‘development which meets the needs of the present without compromising the ability of future generations to meet their own needs ‘ The idea of sustainable development which is based on a normal consideration-“intergenerational equity” becomes modern urban planning and key idea of development Therefore the idea of the pursuit of economic efficiency and fair allocation in present age is given up Considering the Natural Environment the fundamental environment needs for next generation is taken into consideration of development in contemporary world Thus it makes sustainable development for all generation Greenhouse gases have been increasing massively since the Industrial Revolution especially carbon dioxide(CO2) which cause many environmental issues such as greenhouse effect phenomenon ecosystem change climate change Such negative effects on global climate are huge and multi-faceted and we can learn from the international treaties about the urgency of CO2 emission reductions According to IPCC(2007)report that CO2 concentration rise from human use fossil fuel so it reveals that reduction of CO2 derives from fuel Greenland can reduce CO2 concentration and attain to Self-purification function However humans translate green area to developed land which increase concentrations of carbon dioxide during the period of development In terms of carbon balance this paper tries to quantize required green areas which consider energy consumption under development of city and coexistence with nature In this study in order to examine whether it achieves balance state between carbon emission and carbon sequestration by green space for each county in Taiwan carbon sequestration in green spaces are divided into two category which are Greenland in county and urban Greenland CO2 emission and Greenland solid carbon quantity discuss Taiwan County city The result is shown below: 1 In Taiwan the highest CO2 emission derives from industrial department the next is the department of transportation and then is the residential department It shows that the majority of CO2 emission derives from industrial department 2 Top five counties by CO2 emission in Taiwan are Taipei county Taoyuan county Taichung county Kaohsiung county and Taipei city The majority of CO2 emission comes from industrial department and it occupies over 60 percent 3 The higher development level a city has the more energy it consumes and the higher CO2 emission per area For Example Taipei Kaohsiung Taichung Tainan and Hsinchu city In these cities urban development land is over 90% 4 A research of carbon balance between county and urban Greenland we find that Urban Greenland are all unbalanced Greenland in county which 7 of 23 counties in Taiwan are in an unbalanced state Among these counties Taipei city Kaohsiung city and Taichung city are more serious and the percentage of required land area of green area to total county area are 94% 88% and 55% respectively