日俄戰爭期間所涉及之國際法問題

• Main Authors: 趙國材, 李明峻
• Other Authors: 政大外交系
• Language: Chinese; English
• Published: 2012
• Subjects: 日俄戰爭;陸戰法規;武裝衝突法;中立法;戰時禁製品;北海事件; The Russo-Japanese War;Hague Convention on Land Warfare Custom and Regulations;Law of Armed Conflicts;Law of Neutrality;Contraband of War;The North Sea Dogger Bank Incident; 29; Dogger Bank; Sakhalin; Siberia
• Online Access: http://nccur.lib.nccu.edu.tw//handle/140.119/57918

日俄戰爭係歷史上之重大戰爭，戰爭的起因是由於大日本帝國和俄羅斯帝國爭奪在朝鮮半島和當時的滿洲地區（即中國東北）的權利。日俄戰爭以仁川海戰開始，以對馬海峽海戰結束，而日俄戰爭的陸上戰場，除日軍登陸庫頁島之役外，陸上都是以中國東北為戰場，而清朝政府被迫宣佈中立，甚至為這場戰爭劃出交戰區。因此，長達十九個月的日俄戰爭，涉及國際法的戰爭法或武裝衝突法的部分頗多，特別是有關中立法的問題，更是難免應被檢視的絕佳題材。從歷史、政治、外交、軍事等角度分析日俄戰爭之論著不少，惟本文則聚焦於討論日俄戰爭所牽涉之國際法問題，包括日俄雙方的宣戰與停戰問題、在中立國領土上從事戰爭行為之適法性、海戰方面的相關問題、戰時禁製品（Contraband of War）問題、俄國驅逐在滿洲及西伯利亞之日僑問題、由國際調查委員會處理的北海事件（The North Sea Dogger Bank Incident）以及調停與斡旋之效力問題等，並探討旅順、大連租借權之讓渡以及滿蒙權益問題。 The Russo-Japanese War is one of the very important wars in war history. The cause of the war is due to struggle of mastering in the Korean Peninsula and the Manchuria region (Northeast China) between the Japanese empire and the Russian empire. The Russo-Japanese War began in the Incheon war and terminated at the Tsushima Strait sea battle, except the Battle of the Japanese troops landed on Sakhalin, all the land battles of the Russo-Japanese War was on the Northeast China soil; the Qing government was not only forced to announce its neutrality, but also to draw war zone for the Russo-Japanese War. Indeed, the Russo-Japanese War, up to 19 months long, thus involving international law, the law of war, the law of armed conflict, and practical issues on law of neutrality are being correctness examined by applying disclosure rules and regulations.There are plenty of first and second hand materials on military treatise on the Russo-Japanese War from historical, political, diplomatic and military perspective. The purpose of this essay is broadly surveyed international law issues concerning the Russo-Japanese War, including Japan and Russia declared war, armistice issues, the legality of act of war engaged in the neutral territory, and related issues of the naval battle on Contraband of War, Russia expelled overseas Japanese in Manchuria and Siberia, the International Committee of Inquiry dealt with the North Sea Dogger Bank Incident, as well as the effectiveness of the mediation and good offices. It is notorious that certain problems of Lushun, Dalian alienation of leasehold interests of Manchuria and Mongolia are also transformed into the current legal exploration.