Convergent evolution and horizontal gene transfer in Arctic Ocean microalgae

• Published in: Life Science Alliance
• Main Authors: Dorrell, Richard, Kuo, Alan, Füssy, Zoltan, Richardson, Elisabeth, Salamov, Asaf, Zarevski, Nikola, Freyria, Nastasia, Ibarbalz, Federico, Jenkins, Jerry, Pierella Karlusich, Juan Jose, Stecca Steindorff, Andrei, Edgar, Robyn, Handley, Lori, Lail, Kathleen, Lipzen, Anna, Lombard, Vincent, Mcfarlane, John, Nef, Charlotte, Novák Vanclová, Anna Mg, Peng, Yi, Plott, Chris, Potvin, Marianne, Vieira, Fabio Rocha Jimenez, Barry, Kerrie, de Vargas, Colomban, Henrissat, Bernard, Pelletier, Eric, Schmutz, Jeremy, Wincker, Patrick, Dacks, Joel, Bowler, Chris, Grigoriev, Igor, Lovejoy, Connie
• Other Authors: Génomique métabolique (UMR 8030), Genoscope - Centre national de séquençage Evry (GENOSCOPE), Université Paris-Saclay-Direction de Recherche Fondamentale (CEA) (DRF (CEA)), Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Université Paris-Saclay-Direction de Recherche Fondamentale (CEA) (DRF (CEA)), Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Université d'Évry-Val-d'Essonne (UEVE)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Global Oceans Systems Ecology & Evolution - Tara Oceans (GOSEE), Université de Perpignan Via Domitia (UPVD)-École Pratique des Hautes Études (EPHE), Université Paris Sciences et Lettres (PSL)-Université Paris Sciences et Lettres (PSL)-Aix Marseille Université (AMU)-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Université d'Évry-Val-d'Essonne (UEVE)-Université de Toulon (UTLN)-Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM)-Sorbonne Université (SU)-Université Paris-Saclay-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université Grenoble Alpes 2016-2019 (UGA 2016-2019 )-Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD France-Nord )-Ecole Normale Supérieure Paris-Saclay (ENS Paris Saclay)-European Molecular Biology Laboratory (EMBL)-NANTES UNIVERSITÉ - École Centrale de Nantes (Nantes Univ - ECN), Nantes Université (Nantes Univ)-Nantes Université (Nantes Univ)-Université australe du Chili
• Format: Article in Journal/Newspaper
• Language: English
• Published: HAL CCSD 2023
• Subjects: [SDV]Life Sciences [q-bio]; Antarc*; Antarctic; Arctic; Arctic Ocean; Sea ice; Southern Ocean
• Online Access: https://cea.hal.science/cea-04321515; https://doi.org/10.26508/lsa.202201833

International audience Microbial communities in the world ocean are affected strongly by oceanic circulation, creating characteristic marine biomes. The high connectivity of most of the ocean makes it difficult to disentangle selective retention of colonizing genotypes (with traits suited to biome specific conditions) from evolutionary selection, which would act on founder genotypes over time. The Arctic Ocean is exceptional with limited exchange with other oceans and ice covered since the last ice age. To test whether Arctic microalgal lineages evolved apart from algae in the global ocean, we sequenced four lineages of microalgae isolated from Arctic waters and sea ice. Here we show convergent evolution and highlight geographically limited HGT as an ecological adaptive force in the form of PFAM complements and horizontal acquisition of key adaptive genes. Notably, ice-binding proteins were acquired and horizontally transferred among Arctic strains. A comparison with Tara Oceans metagenomes and metatranscriptomes confirmed mostly Arctic distributions of these IBPs. The phylogeny of Arctic-specific genes indicated that these events were independent of bacterial-sourced HGTs in Antarctic Southern Ocean microalgae.