Sclerochronological approaches in Saint-Pierre & Miquelon : from sub-hourly to multidecadal environmental reconstructions

Coastal ecosystems are exposed to global climate change leading to modifications of their structure and functioning. However, little is known about their environmental variability before 1950. The hard parts of long-lived marine biota hold the potential to extend instrumentally derived observations,...

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Bibliographic Details
Main Author: Poitevin, Pierre
Other Authors: Laboratoire des Sciences de l'Environnement Marin (LEMAR) (LEMAR), Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Institut Français de Recherche pour l'Exploitation de la Mer (IFREMER)-Université de Brest (UBO)-Institut Universitaire Européen de la Mer (IUEM), Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Université de Brest (UBO)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Université de Brest (UBO)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Université de Bretagne occidentale - Brest, Laurent Chauvaud, Pascal Lazure
Format: Doctoral or Postdoctoral Thesis
Language:French
Published: HAL CCSD 2018
Subjects:
Online Access:https://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-03208711
https://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-03208711/document
https://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-03208711/file/These-2018-SML-Ecologie_marine-POITEVIN_Pierre.pdf
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Summary:Coastal ecosystems are exposed to global climate change leading to modifications of their structure and functioning. However, little is known about their environmental variability before 1950. The hard parts of long-lived marine biota hold the potential to extend instrumentally derived observations, at different temporal and spatial resolutions, in order to enhance our understanding of past environmental processes. This PhD dissertation takes place on Saint-Pierre & Miquelon (SPM), a small archipelago at the confluence of major oceanic currents marking the boundary between the North Atlantic Ocean subtropical and subpolar gyres. In addition to its global key position, a local phenomenon, leads, during the stratified period, to the largest (up to 12°C amplitude) daily (25.8 h) temperature oscillations ever observed-at any frequency-on a stratified mid latitude continental shelf. This work is based on calcified structures of local marine organism analyses, to gain insights about past environmental variability at these two scales. The relationships observed between the sclerochronological records from these different marine biota and several environmental dataset, allowed us to highlight the relevant position of SPM for studying multiple scale oceanographic variability, biological responses of different benthic species and the dynamics of coastal ecosystems, at different time scales (from the tide to the last 165 years) and space scales (from SPM archipelago to North Atlantic Ocean). Les écosystèmes côtiers sont exposés aux changements climatiques entraînant des modifications de leur structure et de leur fonctionnement. Cependant, nous disposons de peu d’information sur la variabilité de leurs propriétés environnementales avant 1950. Les parties dures des organismes marins ont le potentiel d'étendre les observations instrumentales, à différentes échelles spatiales et temporelles, afin d'améliorer notre compréhension des processus environnementaux passés. Cette thèse de doctorat a pour cadre Saint-Pierre & ...