Clouds over Greenland observed by CALIPSO

Over 80% of Greenland is covered by ice. Melting of this ice contributes to the sea level rise. By modulating the radiation reaching the surface, clouds can accelerate or slow down the melting. Through this thesis, we use CALIPSO satellite measurements (GOCCP product) to document clouds over Greenla...

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Bibliographic Details
Main Author: Lacour, Adrien
Other Authors: Laboratoire de Météorologie Dynamique (UMR 8539) (LMD), Département des Géosciences - ENS Paris, École normale supérieure - Paris (ENS Paris), Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-École normale supérieure - Paris (ENS Paris), Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-École des Ponts ParisTech (ENPC)-École polytechnique (X)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Université Pierre et Marie Curie - Paris 6 (UPMC), Université Pierre et Marie Curie - Paris VI, Hélène Chepfer, Vincent Noël
Format: Doctoral or Postdoctoral Thesis
Language:French
Published: HAL CCSD 2016
Subjects:
Clouds
Greenland
Summit ground station
Nuages
Groenland
Effet radiatif
Calotte polaire
Station sol de Summit
Modèle de climat
[SDU.OCEAN]Sciences of the Universe [physics]/Ocean
Atmosphere
Online Access:https://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-01506120
https://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-01506120v2/document
https://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-01506120v2/file/these_archivage_3369457o.pdf
Description
Summary:Over 80% of Greenland is covered by ice. Melting of this ice contributes to the sea level rise. By modulating the radiation reaching the surface, clouds can accelerate or slow down the melting. Through this thesis, we use CALIPSO satellite measurements (GOCCP product) to document clouds over Greenland, including their vertical structure, and understand their role in surface melting.We compare these observations with radar and lidar measurement taken from the Summit ground station in the middle of Greenland. The comparison shows that GOCCP does not include optically thin ice clouds (τ < 0.3). Extending this analysis over all Greenland shows that cloudiness follows different cloud annual cycles in North and South regions, and that Summit is one of the cloudiest regions of the Greenland especially for the liquid cloud cover.To understand the atmospheric conditions favorable to cloud formation, we follow two weather regime classification approaches. We do not find a clear relationship between cloud variability and atmospheric circulation. These results show the complexity of the interactions between clouds and synoptic circulation and highlight the need to accumulate more data over long time periods.Finally, we evaluate cloud representation over Greenland in simulated lidar profiles over output from CMIP5 climate models. We identify several biases that lead to models being unable to simulate surface melting. Models underestimate the surface temperature and the cloud cover. Also when clouds are simulated they are either too opaque or too thin to affect surface melting. Plus de 80% du Groenland est recouvert de glace. Sa fonte contribue à l’augmentation du niveau des océans. Cette fonte peut être accélérée ou ralentie par les nuages qui modulent le rayonnement qui atteint la surface. Dans cette thèse, nous avons utilisé les mesures du satellite CALIPSO (produit GOCCP) pour documenter les nuages au-dessus du Groenland et éclaircir leur rôle sur la fonte de surface.Comparer ces observations avec des mesures radar ...

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