Study of the Arcachon Bay’s chemical contaminants’ toxic impact on the cupped oyster Crassostrea gigas : in situ and experimental approach

• Main Author: Bijoux, Hugues
• Other Authors: Environnements et Paléoenvironnements OCéaniques (EPOC), Observatoire aquitain des sciences de l'univers (OASU), Université Sciences et Technologies - Bordeaux 1-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université Sciences et Technologies - Bordeaux 1-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-École pratique des hautes études (EPHE), Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Université de Bordeaux, Patrice Gonzalez, Hélène Budzinski
• Format: Doctoral or Postdoctoral Thesis
• Language: French
• Published: HAL CCSD 2014
• Subjects: Pesticides; Metal; Experimental approach; In situ approach; Arcachon Bay; Crassostrea gigas; Polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons; RT-qPCR; Metallothioneins; Tributyltin; Tributylétain; Métallothionéines; Hydrocarbures aromatiques polycycliques; Bassin d’Arcachon; Approche in situ; Approche expérimentale; Métaux; [SDU.STU]Sciences of the Universe [physics]/Earth Sciences; [SDE.IE]Environmental Sciences/Environmental Engineering; [SDV.BA]Life Sciences [q-bio]/Animal biology
• Online Access: https://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-01131184; https://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-01131184/document; https://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-01131184/file/BIJOUX_HUGUES_2014.pdf

The Arcachon Bay is a semi-enclosed lagoon and represents the core of strong economic stakes through the practice of oyster-farming. This activity has been affected for around thirty years by summer mortality events, and more recently by abnormally high death rates of juveniles. This work focused on the role of the Arcachon Bay’s main contaminants in this crisis, by studying their effects on the cupped oyster’s biology. Firstly, an in situ approach was adopted in order to identify the major pollutants of the bay: caged oysters were transplanted and sediments were sampled. The presence of contaminants in the samples was associated to biological responses. Secondly, the contaminants identified in situ were used in controlled conditions at the laboratory. Three experimentations were performed; the first dealt with the contamination pathways of tributyltin; the second focused on the biological effects of pesticides and copper; the third concerned the effects of PAH towards diploid and triploid oysters. Our results indicate that the inner stations present higher accumulation of metals and PAH, in accordance with the hydrodynamic features of the bay. The bioindicators used in situ exhibited seasonal trends related to the oysters’ gametogenesis. In the laboratory, most of the contaminants used at environmental levels induced an adaptive response of the exposed oysters. Our study highlights the importance of coupling in situ and laboratory approaches in order to understand the functioning of coastal ecosystems. Le bassin d’Arcachon est une lagune semi-fermée qui concentre de forts enjeux économiques grâce à la pratique de l’ostréiculture. Cette activité est affectée depuis une trentaine d’années par des phénomènes de mortalités estivales, et plus récemment par des surmortalités du naissain. Ces travaux se sont intéressés au rôle des polluants majeurs du bassin d’Arcachon dans ce contexte de crise en étudiant leurs effets sur la biologie de Crassostrea gigas. Une approche in situ a d’abord été adoptée afin d’identifier ...