VOLATILES EXCHANGE BETWEEN SURFACE AND ATMOSPHERE ON MARS

• Main Author: Schmidt, Frédéric
• Other Authors: Géosciences Paris Sud (GEOPS), Université Paris-Sud - Paris 11 (UP11)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Paris-Sud XI, Hermann Zeyen
• Format: Doctoral or Postdoctoral Thesis
• Language: French
• Published: HAL CCSD 2014
• Subjects: regolith; CO2 ice; H2O ice; water; sulphur; remote sensing; spectroscopy; photometry; climate; seasonal deposits; seasonal south polar cap recession; mass balance; mass data; data clustering; Bayesian inversion; Monte Carlo; Markov Chain; blind deconvolution; linear unmixing; blind source separation; supervised; unsupervised; parallel computing; Mars; régolite; pôle; glace de CO2; glace d’eau; clathrate hydrate; soufre; télédétection; hyperspectral; spectroscopie; photométrie; climat; dépôts saisonniers; récession de la calotte saisonnière sud; bilan de masse; OMEGA; CRISM; PFS; Mars Express; Mars Reconnaissance Orbiter; grande base de données; fouille de données; inversion bayesienne; Monte-Carlo; Chaine de Markov; déconvolution; démélange linéaire; polar night
• Online Access: https://theses.hal.science/tel-01085029; https://theses.hal.science/tel-01085029/document; https://theses.hal.science/tel-01085029/file/Schmidt_HDR.pdf

Imaging spectrometer, Imaging spectro-photometer and high resolution spectrometer constitute the last generation of space instruments that strongly modified the study of planetary bodies. Such instruments allow us to follow the soil and atmospheric optical properties through space and time. The first objective of this Habilitation thesis is to propose some tools to analyze a huge amount of data in planetological perspectives. Three types of methods are introduced to examine the hyperspectral data acquired by OMEGA (Mars Express/ESA) and CRISM (Mars Reconnaissance Orbiter/NASA) instruments : (i) WAVANGLET, a fast detection algorithm based on wavelets to identify the presence of chemical species at the ground, (ii) BPSS, a blind source separation method that is able to detect chemical species without a priori, (iii) supervised unmixing algorithm using LinMin strategy. Also atmospheric correction methods, coupled to Bayesian inversion of photometric model, allow us to deal with the full CRISM photometric dataset. Finally, a method of micro-vibrations correction has been proposed in order to improve the quality of the PFS instrument (Mars Express/ESA) using semi-blind deconvolution.The Martian annual cycle of CO2 consists of an exchange between surface and atmosphere, which is particularly relevant in polar regions. During the polar night, atmospherical CO2 condensates at the ground, whereas it starts to sublimate again during the spring, when the solar light bring energy to the surface. This major climatic cycle has been identified in the 1960th but even today, the microphysic of interaction between surface and atmosphere is still unknown. Recent images at high spatial resolution (50 cm) from HiRISE (Mars Reconnaissance Orbiter/NASA) instrument show many active processes associated to sublimation. The second objective of this thesis is to build a model of the seasonal deposits sublimation, by simulating the mass balance but also by geomorphological and spectroscopic studies. Results show that the seasonal south ...