La Variabilité Régionale du Niveau de la Mer

• Main Author: Meyssignac, Benoit
• Other Authors: GOHS, Laboratoire d'études en Géophysique et océanographie spatiales (LEGOS), Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Université Toulouse III - Paul Sabatier (UT3), Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Observatoire Midi-Pyrénées (OMP), Météo France-Centre National d'Études Spatiales Toulouse (CNES)-Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Météo France-Centre National d'Études Spatiales Toulouse (CNES)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Université Toulouse III - Paul Sabatier (UT3), Météo France-Centre National d'Études Spatiales Toulouse (CNES)-Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Météo France-Centre National d'Études Spatiales Toulouse (CNES)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Université Paul Sabatier - Toulouse III, Anny Cazenave et Rosemary Morrow
• Format: Doctoral or Postdoctoral Thesis
• Language: French
• Published: HAL CCSD 2012
• Subjects: impacts anthropiques; Hausse du niveau de la mer; changement climatique global; impacts; altimétrie spatiale; Argo; GRACE; variabilité régionale; fluctuations décennales; reconstruction du niveau de la mer; variabilité climatique naturelle; Sea level rise; global climate change; satellite altimetry; regional variability; decadal fluctuations; sea level reconstruction; natural climate variability; anthropogenic signature; [SDU.OCEAN]Sciences of the Universe [physics]/Ocean; Atmosphere; Arctic; Arctic Ocean; Pacific; Climate change
• Online Access: https://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00779038; https://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00779038/document; https://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00779038/file/These_Meyssignac.pdf

Over the XXth century, tide gauge records indicate a rise in global sea level of 1.7 mm.a-1. For the past two decades, satellite altimetry data indicate a faster sea level rise of 3.2 mm.a-1 (period 1993-2011). Thanks to its global coverage, they also reveal a strong regional variability in sea level rise that is several times bigger than the global rise in many regions of the world. This regional signal, which must be added to the global sea level rise to compute the total sea level signal, is essential when assessing the potential impacts of sea level rise in coastal areas and low lying islands. In this thesis, we analyse the observed regional variability in sea level rise from satellite altimetry (since 1993), we propose a reconstruction of the past regional variability since 1950 (i.e. prior to altimetry) and we discuss its causes (thermal expansion of the ocean plus land ice loss) and origins (from natural or anthropogenic origin). First, we propose a reconstruction of the sea level variations for the past decades (before the altimetry era) by combining tide gauge records with the principal spatial structures of the ocean deduced from ocean general circulation models. This method enables to reconstruct the 2 dimensional sea level variations since 1950 with a spatial coverage and resolution similar to the satellite altimetry ones. In the second part of this thesis, the reconstruction method is applied to estimate the past regional variability in three regions which are particularly vulnerable to sea level rise: the tropical Pacific, the Mediterranean sea and the Arctic ocean. For each region, the reconstruction gives an estimation of the total (regional component plus global mean) 2-dimensional sea level rise over the past decades. For the sites where vertical crustal motion monitoring is available, we compute as well the total relative sea level (i.e. total sea level rise plus the local vertical crustal motion) since 1950. The objective is to provide estimates of the relative local sea level rise at ...