Screening for antimicrobial activities in marine molluscs. Purification and partial characterisation of antimicrobial peptides from Crassostrea gigas hemolymph and associated bacteria.
The chemical communication systems constitute an essential element in the establishment of intra- or inter-species relationships in marine environment, weaving a dense network of relations between individuals, in ecosystem. The invertebrates lacking of an immune system and usually sessile produce th...
| Main Authors: | , , |
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| Other Authors: | , , , , , |
| Format: | Doctoral or Postdoctoral Thesis |
| Language: | French |
| Published: |
HAL CCSD
2009
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| Subjects: | |
| Online Access: | https://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00485008 https://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00485008/document https://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00485008/file/Diane_Defer_imprimable.pdf |
| Summary: | The chemical communication systems constitute an essential element in the establishment of intra- or inter-species relationships in marine environment, weaving a dense network of relations between individuals, in ecosystem. The invertebrates lacking of an immune system and usually sessile produce this type of bioactive metabolites playing a crucial role in the answer to the environmental pressures like the predation and the defence against potentially pathogens organisms. The aim of this work was to identify antimicrobial peptides in commercially bivalve and gastropod marine molluscs. Thus, the search for antimicrobial molecules from peptidic nature was undertaken in acid extracts of bivalve molluscs Cerastoderma edule, Ruditapes philippinarum, Ostrea edulis, and gastropods Crepidula fornicata, Buccinum undatum and Littorina littorea and from Crassostrea gigas hemolymph. The extracts were pre-purified by Solid Phase Extraction C18 (SPE) and elution was ensured by three successive steps of 10%, 40% and 80% of ACN-0.1% TFA. The antibacterial activities were assayed by determination of the CMI against a panel of target bacteria including Gram+ and Gram- bacteria. In parallel, antiviral activities were assayed in vitro against Herpes simplex virus type 1 and Vero cells by cell viability. The species C. edule, L. littorea and C. gigas proved to be the most effective and non cytotoxic species. A partial characterization of the activity detected in these species allowed determining the protenaceous nature of the active molecules. The purification of antimicrobial peptides realised on the C. gigas hemolymph led us to the identification of a peptide which structure lets foresee a bacterial origin. The hypothese of an association between C. gigas and bacteria led us from non axenic oysters culture to search for antagonist bacteria in C. gigas hemolymph and has conduced to isolate 2 Vibrio spp. and 3 Pseudoalteromonas spp. The Pseudoalteromonas spp. hCg 5 strain, allowed to partially characterized an active compound. Whole ... |
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