Co-opetitive entrepreneurship : how to integrate competition in a co-operative context ? An empirical study of sami reindeer herders

• Published in: Revue internationale P.M.E.
• Main Authors: Dana, Léo-Paul, Guieu, Gilles
• Other Authors: Montpellier Research in Management (MRM), Université Montpellier 1 (UM1)-Université Paul-Valéry - Montpellier 3 (UPVM)-Université Montpellier 2 - Sciences et Techniques (UM2)-Université de Perpignan Via Domitia (UPVD)-Groupe Sup de Co Montpellier (GSCM) - Montpellier Business School-Université de Montpellier (UM), Centre de Recherche sur le Transport et la Logistique (CRET-LOG), Aix Marseille Université (AMU)
• Format: Article in Journal/Newspaper
• Language: French
• Published: HAL CCSD 2014
• Subjects: Co-opetition; Indigenous entrepreneurship; Reindeer husbandry; Coopetición; Emprendimiento indígena; Sami; Pastoreo de renos; Coopétition; Entrepreneuriat indigène; Sames; Élevage de rennes; JEL: M - Business Administration and Business Economics • Marketing • Accounting • Personnel Economics/M.M1 - Business Administration/M.M1.M13 - New Firms • Startups; [SHS.GESTION]Humanities and Social Sciences/Business administration; Kola Peninsula; Noruega; Norway; Suecia; kola peninsula; Northern Norway; reindeer husbandry; sami
• Online Access: https://halshs.archives-ouvertes.fr/halshs-01413760; https://doi.org/10.7202/1028045ar

International audience Almost all research about co-opetition examines the emergence of co-operation in a competitive environment. Can competition emerge from a co-operative context ? While there is growing literature about indigenous entrepreneurship, this article focuses on competitive relationships among Sami people – the indigenous nation of northern Norway, Sweden and Finland and Russia’s Kola Peninsula. Reindeer herding, an activity traditionally done as a family, holds strong social value. Our ethnographic study reveals that maximisation of profits is not a sufficient explanatory variable to explain traditional reindeer herding. With limited economic returns from herding, many Sami herders rely on secondary occupations for supplementary income. To manage the resulting co-opetitive relationships, entrepreneurs compartmentalise co-operative relationships based on cultural and territorial issues, and competitive relationships based on economic considerations. Implications in terms of co-opetition and entrepreneurship are drawn. La casi totalidad de las investigaciones sobre coopetición se centra en elsurgimiento de la cooperación en un ambiente competitivo. ¿ Existen casos en que la competencia surge de un contexto cooperativo ? Una parte de la literatura en emprendimiento se interesa a un contexto específico del ejercicio del emprendimiento: el emprendimiento indígena. Es en el contexto específico del pueblo sami que abordamos el tema de las relaciones coopetitivas. Los sami son la población indígena del norte de la Escandinavia. Ellos viven actualmente en Noruega, Suecia, Finlandia y en la península rusa de Kola. El pastoreo de renos, actividad ejercida en un entorno familiar desde hace mucho tiempo, ha sido y sigue siendo un modo de vida con un alto valor social. Un estudio etnográfico realizado con los empresarios sami demuestra que el motivo del pastoreo es la preservación de la tradición, por encima dela maximización de los beneficios. Pues bien, hoy en día, ya que el pastoreo de renos es solo de ...