Vegetation-Permafrost Relations within the Forest-Tundra Ecotone near Old Crow, Northern Yukon, Canada

• Published in: Permafrost and Periglacial Processes
• Main Authors: Roy-Léveillée, P., Burn, C. (Christopher R.), Mcdonald, I.D.
• Format: Article in Journal/Newspaper
• Language: English
• Published: 2014
• Subjects: Forest-tundra; Old Crow; Permafrost; Snow; Treeline; Vegetation; Canada; Old Crow Flats; The Flats; Yukon; permafrost; Permafrost and Periglacial Processes; taiga; Tundra
• Online Access: https://ir.library.carleton.ca/pub/7813; https://doi.org/10.1002/ppp.1805

Old Crow Flats is a 5600 km2 glaciolacustrine plain that straddles the forest-tundra ecotone in northern Yukon. Continuous taiga corridors occur in the entrenched river valleys, where annual mean ground temperatures (Tg) at the depth of zero annual amplitude at two locations were -3.1 and -4.0oC in 2013. On the Flats, the vegetation cover is patchy, and Tg varied between -5.1 and -2.6oC. Annual mean near-surface permafrost temperatures (Tps) measured on the Flats between 2008 and 2011 in patches of taiga, tall shrubs and low shrubs were correlated with local snow depth. Snow depth was controlled by vegetation height if the snow supply was not limited, for example, where low shrubs and large lakes dominate the landscape. In this setting, snow depths and, hence, Tps in taiga patches were higher (-2.6 to -2.9oC) than in the surrounding shrub vegetation (-3.5 to -5.5oC). Where taiga patches were more extensive, redistributed snow was trapped at the patch edge and Tps in taiga was lower (-4.1 to -4.3oC) than in the surrounding shrub patches (-3.2 to -3.6oC). The permafrost temperature field is heterogeneous under patchy vegetation in the forest-tundra ecotone. Our data suggest that it is governed by both the snow-holding capacity of local vegetation patches and the spatial configuration of vegetation in the surrounding landscape, which controls snow supply.