Hydrocarbon Tracers Suggest Methane Emissions from Fossil Sources Occur Predominately Before Gas Processing and That Petroleum Plays Are a Significant Source

• Published in: Environmental Science & Technology
• Main Authors: Tribby, Ariana L., Bois, Justin S., Montzka, Stephen A., Atlas, Elliot L., Vimont, Isaac, Lan, Xin, Tans, Pieter P., Elkins, James W., Blake, Donald R., Wennberg, Paul O.
• Format: Article in Journal/Newspaper
• Language: unknown
• Published: American Chemical Society 2022
• Subjects: ethane; propane; natural gas; methane; energy; Environmental Chemistry; General Chemistry; Arctic
• Online Access: https://doi.org/10.1021/acs.est.2c00927; https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/PMC9260955

We use global airborne observations of propane (C₃H₈) and ethane (C₂H₆) from the Atmospheric Tomography (ATom) and HIAPER Pole-to-Pole Observations (HIPPO), as well as U.S.-based aircraft and tower observations by NOAA and from the NCAR FRAPPE campaign as tracers for emissions from oil and gas operations. To simulate global mole fraction fields for these gases, we update the default emissions' configuration of C₃H₈ used by the global chemical transport model, GEOS-Chem v13.0.0, using a scaled C₂H₆ spatial proxy. With the updated emissions, simulations of both C₃H₈ and C₂H₆ using GEOS-Chem are in reasonable agreement with ATom and HIPPO observations, though the updated emission fields underestimate C₃H₈ accumulation in the arctic wintertime, pointing to additional sources of this gas in the high latitudes (e.g., Europe). Using a Bayesian hierarchical model, we estimate global emissions of C₂H₆ and C₃H₈ from fossil fuel production in 2016–2018 to be 13.3 ± 0.7 (95% CI) and 14.7 ± 0.8 (95% CI) Tg/year, respectively. We calculate bottom-up hydrocarbon emission ratios using basin composition measurements weighted by gas production and find their magnitude is higher than expected and is similar to ratios informed by our revised alkane emissions. This suggests that emissions are dominated by pre-processing activities in oil-producing basins. © 2022 The Authors. Published by American Chemical Society. Attribution-NonCommercial-NoDerivatives 4.0 International (CC BY-NC-ND 4.0). Received 11 February 2022. Accepted 18 May 2022. Revised 18 May 2022. Published online 14 June 2022. Published in issue 5 July 2022. This work was supported by the Resnick Sustainability Institute, including computations conducted in the Resnick High Performance Computing Center. A.L.T. received funding from NSF Award No. DGE-1745301. NOAA support was provided for HIPPO by NSF Award No. AGS-0628452; California Institute of Technology support for ATom was provided by NASA Grant Award No. NNX15AG61A. NOAA ...