Perbandingan Karbon Tersimpan pada Beberapa Penutupan Lahan di Kabupaten Mamuju Utara, Sulawesi Barat Berdasarkan Karakteristik Fisik Lahannya

Issues regarding global warming is lately one problem that is common considered by almost all countries in the world, including Indonesia. We are struggling to overcome with intensified that global warming, to try as well as prevent the development of global warming. One of the ways reducing global...

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Bibliographic Details
Main Author: Kashengky, Rommy
Other Authors: Rusdiana,Omo
Language:unknown
Published: 2012
Subjects:
Online Access:http://repository.ipb.ac.id/handle/123456789/56038
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Summary:Issues regarding global warming is lately one problem that is common considered by almost all countries in the world, including Indonesia. We are struggling to overcome with intensified that global warming, to try as well as prevent the development of global warming. One of the ways reducing global warming is to preserve the forest. Because forest has multiple benefits for life, either directly or indirectly. Benefit directly from a timber, non-timber forest products such as bamboo and rattan, and wildlife. Even the indirect benefits of forests for environmental services as watersheds, aesthetic function, a provider of oxygen, and carbon sequestration. Forest, one of the carbon sinks in the world, the largest and plays an important role in the global carbon cycle, but also can generate forest carbon emissions (source). Forests can store more carbon than other vegetation types such as grasslands, crops, and tundra. Be able to absorb carbon vary by type, it is influenced by the number and density of trees, tree species, environmental factors are sun exposure, moisture content, temperature, and soil fertility that affect the rate of photosynthesis. The research was holded on February to August 2012, the data was researched in some land cover in North Mamuju, West. Sulawesi; data analysis by Influence of Forest Laboratories, Department of Silviculture, Faculty of Forestry, Bogor Agricultural University; and Laboratotium Soil, Soil Research Bogor. Measurement of biomass and carbon storage was calculated by using the data stands to diameter and height of each land cover. Analysis of soil physical properties by soil textures and soil chemistry (pH, the ratio C/N, and the content of P, K, Ca, and Mg) was indicated on samples of soil disturbed and undisturbed soil. Based on researched data results that showed in land cover, the greatest carbon savings are oil palm plantations by amounting reach to 997.81 tons/ha. The lowest carbon deposits were found in land cover in the form of mixed farms to 43.89 tons/ha. The conclusion correlation test indicated that the physical and chemical properties of soil have affected the value of carbon storage in a land cover. Permasalahan mengenai pemanasan global termasuk salah satu permasalahan yang hangat dibicarakan belakangan ini oleh hampir seluruh negara di dunia termasuk Indonesia. Seluruh negara di dunia semakin gencar berjuang untuk mengatasi pemasanasan global ini, berusaha untuk menanggulanginya serta berusaha untuk mencegah berkembangnya pemanasan global ini. Salah satu cara Mengurangi pemanasan global ini adalah dengan menjaga kelestarian hutan. Hutan memiliki banyak manfaat bagi kehidupan, baik secara langsung maupun tidak langsung. Manfaat secara langsung dari hutan dapat berupa kayu, hasil hutan non kayu seperti bambu dan rotan, dan satwa. Sedangkan manfaat hutan secara tidak langsung berupa jasa lingkungan sebagai pengatur tata air, fungsi estetika, penyedia oksigen, dan sebagai penyerap karbon. Hutan merupakan penyerap karbon (sink) terbesar dan berperan penting dalam siklus karbon global, akan tetapi hutan juga dapat menghasilkan emisi karbon (source). Hutan dapat menyimpan karbon lebih besar dibandingkan dengan tipe vegetasi lain seperti padang rumput, tanaman semusim, dan tundra. Kemampuan hutan dalam menyerap karbon berbeda-beda berdasarkan tipe hutanya. Perbedaan ini dipengaruhi oleh jumlah dan kerapatan pohon, jenis pohon, faktor lingkungan yang meliputi penyinaran matahari, kadar air, suhu, dan kesuburan tanah yang mempengaruhi laju fotosintesis. Penelitian dilaksanakan pada bulan Februari hingga Agustus 2011 di beberapa penutupan lahan di Kabupaten Mamuju Utara, Sulawesi barat; Laboratorium Pengaruh Hutan, Departemen Silvikultur, Fakultas Kehutanan, Institut Pertanian Bogor; dan Laboratotium Tanah, Balai Penelitian Tanah Bogor. Pengukuran biomassa dan simpanan karbon dilakukan dengan menggunakan data diameter dan tinggi tegakan pada masing-masing penutupan lahan. Analisis sifat fisik tanah berupa tekstur tanah dan kimia tanah (pH, Nisbah C/N, dan kandungan P, K, Ca, dan Mg) dilakukan pada sampel tanah terusik dan tanah tidak terusik. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa tutupan lahan berupa perkebunan kelapa sawit memilki simpanan karbon terbesar, yaitu sebesar 997,81 ton/ha. Sedangkan simpanan karbon terendah terdapat pada tutupan lahan berupa kebun campuran 43,89 ton/ha. Hasil uji korelasi menunjukkan bahwa sifat fisik dan kimia tanah mempengaruhi nilai simpanan karbon pada suatu penutupan lahan.