Digestive enzymes in the the ontogenetic stages of the southern king crab, Lithodes santolla

• Published in: Marine Biology
• Main Authors: Saborowski, Reinhard, Thatje, S., Calcagno, J. A., Lovrich, G. A., Anger, Klaus
• Format: Article in Journal/Newspaper
• Language: unknown
• Published: 2006
• Subjects: Antarctic; Antarc*
• Online Access: https://epic.awi.de/id/eprint/11779/; https://epic.awi.de/id/eprint/11779/1/Sab2005a.pdf; https://doi.org/10.1007/s00227-005-0240-x; https://hdl.handle.net/10013/epic.22225; https://hdl.handle.net/10013/epic.22225.d001

The early ontogenetic stages of the sub-antarctic king crab Lithodes santolla were analysed for the presence and activities of a set of important digestive enzymes. The eggs and non-feeding larvae (zoea I-III, megalopa) showed high activities of esterases, phosphatases and exopeptidases indicating the enzymatic ability to utilize endogeneous yolk reserves. SDS-PAGE showed a continuous decrease of proteins or proteides in the range of 59 to 81 kDa during ontogenetic development from the eggs through the zoeal stages to the first juvenile crab stage, CI. This reduction appears to reflect the breakdown of storage compounds during lecitotrophic larval development. Activities of the endopeptidases trypsin and chymotrypsin were low in eggs and larvae but increased significantly in the first juvenile crab stage. These enzymes typically facilitate the first steps of proteolysis in the extra-cellular spaces of the midgut gland and in the stomach. Their scarcity indicates that the larvae of L. santolla are physiologically not prepared to digest external food. This ability seems to appear first in the CI stage. Extracts of juvenile midgut glands and the gastric fluids of adults showed high activities of a variety of digestive enzyme including phosphatases, carbohydrases, as well as endo- and exopeptidases. High activities of digestive enzymes in adults may compensate for scarce food supply in combination with low temperatures in the habitats of L. santolla.