| Summary: | The Arctic is warming shockingly fast, twice as fast at the rest of the planet, and this warming is bringing dramatic transformation around the circumpolar region. Arctic communities are adapting where possible, but the rate of change and the threat of unexpected surprises or unforeseen thresholds of change pose unprecedented challenges, even for the Indigenous people of the North who have weathered change in the region over many centuries. The same is true of the ecosystems upon which the Arctic communities depend for their livelihoods, and these linked systems, known as social- ecological systems, are extremely vulnerable during this time of transformation.
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