Les recherches halieutiques françaises dans le Nord-Ouest Atlantique des origines à nos jours
This review of French research on fisheries in the Northwest Atlantic first summarizes the history of the access rights of the French fleets to the fishing grounds of this area, then the evolution of the fisheries management systems. The focus then shifts toward French fishery research from the begi...
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| Format: | Article in Journal/Newspaper |
| Language: | French English |
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Soc Francaise D Ichtyologie
2022
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| Online Access: | https://archimer.ifremer.fr/doc/00822/93353/100093.pdf https://doi.org/10.26028/cybium/2022-464-001 https://archimer.ifremer.fr/doc/00822/93353/ |
| Summary: | This review of French research on fisheries in the Northwest Atlantic first summarizes the history of the access rights of the French fleets to the fishing grounds of this area, then the evolution of the fisheries management systems. The focus then shifts toward French fishery research from the beginning of the 20(th) century. Four major periods are described to characterize the objectives of this research, its implementation, and its results. The first French scientific studies of fisheries in the Davis Strait, Newfoundland, and Nova Scotia banks by fishery support vessels date back to the 19(th) century. These studies intensified from the middle of the 20(th) century with the deployment of dedicated research vessels, especially from 1970 with the establishment of a research laboratory and an oceanographic vessel in Saint-Pierre and Miquelon (SPM). These assets, a close collaboration with laboratories in Canada and the United States, and participation in the work of the regional fisheries commission (ICNAF/NAFO) enabled the teams in SPM to develop and perform innovative research. However, the delimitation in 1992 of the EEZ in Canada and around SPM and the depletion of the main fish stocks dealt a severe blow to the French fisheries in this region, causing France to review its research strategy. Cet article a pour objet de faire un bilan des recherches françaises sur les pêcheries dans l’Atlantique du Nord-Ouest. Il résume tout d’abord quelques points de l’historique des droits d’accès des flottes françaises aux lieux de pêche de cette zone, puis de l’évolution des systèmes de gestion des pêcheries, deux facteurs qui ont fortement joué sur la stratégie de recherche. Enfin, il présente un panorama de l’évolution des recherches halieutiques depuis le début du xxe siècle jusqu’à nos jours. Quatre grandes périodes sont décrites pour y caractériser les objectifs de ces recherches, les moyens mis en œuvre et les résultats. Les premières observations scientifiques françaises sur les pêcheries des bancs du détroit de ... |
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