δ13C decreases in the upper western South Atlantic during Heinrich Stadials 3 and 2

• Published in: Climate of the Past
• Main Authors: Campos, Marilia C., Chiessi, Cristiano M., Voigt, Ines, Piola, Alberto R., Kuhnert, Henning, Mulitza, Stefan
• Format: Article in Journal/Newspaper
• Language: English
• Published: Copernicus Gesellschaft Mbh 2017
• Subjects: Southern Ocean; North Atlantic; Planktonic foraminifera
• Online Access: https://archimer.ifremer.fr/doc/00420/53162/55294.pdf; https://archimer.ifremer.fr/doc/00420/53162/55295.pdf; https://doi.org/10.5194/cp-13-345-2017; https://archimer.ifremer.fr/doc/00420/53162/

Abrupt millennial-scale climate change events of the last deglaciation (i.e. Heinrich Stadial 1 and the Younger Dryas) were accompanied by marked increases in atmospheric CO2 (CO2atm) and decreases in its stable carbon isotopic ratios (delta C-13), i.e. delta(CO2atm)-C-13, presumably due to out-gassing from the ocean. However, information on the preceding Heinrich Stadials during the last glacial period is scarce. Here we present delta C-13 records from two species of planktonic foraminifera from the western South Atlantic that reveal major decreases (up to 1%) during Heinrich Stadials 3 and 2. These delta C-13 decreases are most likely related to millennial-scale periods of weakening of the Atlantic meridional overturning circulation and the consequent increase (decrease) in CO2atm (delta(CO2atm)-C-13). We hypothesise two mechanisms that could account for the decreases observed in our records, namely strengthening of Southern Ocean deep-water ventilation and weakening of the biological pump. Additionally, we suggest that air-sea gas exchange could have contributed to the observed delta C-13 decreases. Together with other lines of evidence, our data are consistent with the hypothesis that the CO2 added to the atmosphere during abrupt millennial-scale climate change events of the last glacial period also originated in the ocean and reached the atmosphere by outgassing. The temporal evolution of delta C-13 during Heinrich Stadials 3 and 2 in our records is characterized by two relative minima separated by a relative maximum. This "w structure" is also found in North Atlantic and South American records, further suggesting that such a structure is a pervasive feature of Heinrich Stadial 2 and, possibly, also Heinrich Stadial 3.