History of marine animal populations: a global research program of the Census of marine life
This paper examines the relationship between history and science with regard to the marine environment. It argues that historians and scientists should collaborate to reconstruct past ecosystems. Such collaboration to shed some light on the reasons why the life in the oceans appears as it does today...
| Published in: | Oceanologica Acta |
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| Main Author: | |
| Format: | Article in Journal/Newspaper |
| Language: | English |
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Gauthier-villars/editions Elsevier
2002
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| Online Access: | https://archimer.ifremer.fr/doc/00322/43303/43039.pdf https://doi.org/10.1016/S0399-1784(02)01200-8 https://archimer.ifremer.fr/doc/00322/43303/ |
| Summary: | This paper examines the relationship between history and science with regard to the marine environment. It argues that historians and scientists should collaborate to reconstruct past ecosystems. Such collaboration to shed some light on the reasons why the life in the oceans appears as it does today. With this objective in view, a global research program has been established. The History of marine animal populations (HMAP) addresses four basic questions. (1) How has the extent and diversity of these populations changed over the last 2000 years? (2) Which factors have influenced these change? (3) What has been the anthropogenic and biological significance of these changes? (4) What has been the interplay of changing marine ecosystems and human societies? The hypotheses of HMAP fall in three broad categories, dealing with questions of nature variability, such as historical population ecology, nature impact, such as climate forcing of distribution and abundance of fishes, and anthropogenic impact, such as questions of depletion and eutrophication. HMAP research teams are currently working in the Baltic, the White Sea, off southeast Australia and off the California coast. Cet article examine les relations entre histoire et science dans l’environnement marin. Historiens et scientifiques doivent en effet collaborer pour reconstruire les écosystèmes passés. Une telle collaboration permettra de connaître les causes d’appariation dans l’océan de la vie telle que nous la connaissons actuellement. Le programme Histoire des populations animales marines (HMAP en anglais), lancé pour cet objectif, s’intéresse à quatre aspects : (1) quels ont été les changements de la diversité et de l’extension de ces populations durant les deux derniers millénaires ? (2) quels facteurs ont influencé ces modifications ? (3) quelle fut la signification anthropogénique et biologique de ces changements ? (4) quelles furent les interactions entre ces changements des écosystèmes marins et les sociétés humaines ? Les hypothèses avancées par HMAP intéressent trois champs : la variabilité naturelle, comme l’histoire de l’écologie des populations, l’impact de la nature, comme la contrainte climatique sur la distribution et l’abondance des poissons et l’impact anthropogénique, comme les questions d’eutrophisation et de dépeuplement. Les équipes du HMAP travaillent sur la Baltique, la mer Blanche, le sud-est de l’Australie et au large des côtes californiennes. |
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