ICECAP radargrams in support of the international old ice search at Dome C - 2016

• Other Authors: YOUNG, DUNCAN (hasPrincipalInvestigator), YOUNG, DUNCAN (processor), ROBERTS, JASON LEIGH (hasPrincipalInvestigator), BLANKENSHIP, DONALD D (hasPrincipalInvestigator), VAN OMMEN, TAS (hasPrincipalInvestigator), RITZ, CATHERINE (hasPrincipalInvestigator), CAVIITE, MARIE G. P. (hasPrincipalInvestigator), FREZZOTTI, MASSIMO (hasPrincipalInvestigator), Australian Antarctic Data Centre (publisher)
• Format: Dataset
• Language: unknown
• Published: Australian Antarctic Data Centre
• Subjects: inlandWaters; EARTH SCIENCE > LAND SURFACE > TOPOGRAPHY > TERRAIN ELEVATION > BED ELEVATION; BASAL ICE FREEZING; EARTH SCIENCE; SOLID EARTH; GEOMORPHIC LANDFORMS/PROCESSES; GLACIAL PROCESSES; FREEZE/THAW; BASAL SHEAR STRESS; CRYOSPHERE; GLACIERS/ICE SHEETS; GLACIERS; AGE AT ICE-THICKNESS-NORMALIZED DEPTHS; DEPTHS AT SPECIFIC AGES; ANTARCHITECTURE; SPICECAP; ICECAP II; INTERNATIONAL COLLABORATIVE EXPLORATION OF THE CRYOSPHERE THROUGH AIRBORNE PROFILING; IPICS; OLD ICE - BEYOND EPICA; RADIOGLACIOLOGY; AEROGEOPHYSICS; ICE PENETRATING RADAR; MARFA; C-GJKB; HiCARS2 > Hi-Capability Radar Sounder Version2; RADAR > Radio Detection and Ranging; GPR > Ground Penetrating Radar; BT-67 > Basler BT-67; AIRCRAFT; Paleo Start Date 720 ka; Paleo Stop Date 10 ka; PHANEROZOIC > CENOZOIC > QUATERNARY > PLEISTOCENE; GEOGRAPHIC REGION > POLAR; CONTINENT > ANTARCTICA > DOME C; LITTLE DOME C; EAST ANTARCTIC ICE SHEET; CONCORDIA; Antarctic; East Antarctic Ice Sheet; Antarc*; Antarctica; Australian Antarctic Division; EPICA; Ice Sheet
• Online Access: https://researchdata.edu.au/icecap-radargrams-support-c-2016/1730562; https://doi.org/10.26179/5wkf-7361; https://data.aad.gov.au/metadata/records/AAS_4346_ICECAP_OIA_RADARGRAMS; http://nla.gov.au/nla.party-617536

These radargrams were collected as part of the ICECAP (International Collaborative Exploration of the Cryosphere through Airborne Profiling) collaboration in 2015/16 (ICP7). These data were in part funded by the US National Science Foundation (SPICECAP; grant PLR-1443690 to UTIG), ACE-CRC and the G. Unger Vetlesen Foundation, and supported by the Australian Antarctic Division through project AAS-4346. These data collection represents georeferenced, time registered instrument measurements (L1B data) converted to SI units, and is of most interest to users who wish to reprocess the data. Users interested in geophysical observables should used the derived Level 2 dataset. The data format are netCDF3 files, following the formats used for NASA/AAD/UTIG's ICECAP/OIB project at NASA's NSIDC DAAC. Metadata fields can be accessed using the open source ncdump tool, or c, python or matlab modules. See https://www.loc.gov/preservation/digital/formats/fdd/fdd000330.shtml for resources on NetCDF-3, and https://nsidc.org/data/IR2HI1B/versions/1 for a description of the similar OIB dataset. RADAR Ice penetrating radar provides the geometry of the englacial layers, the bedrock topography, and the basal conditions. SR2HI1B georeferenced radar echo data; 4 Hz NetCDF Data Acquisition Parameters A 1-microsec transmitted chirp was used for both surface and bed. Two 14-bit digitizer channels with offset receiver gain were used to record returned echoes over 64 μsec, accommodating 120 dB of dynamic range, including accurate representations of power of the surface and bed echoes. Bandwidth: 52.5-67.5 MHz Tx power: 5700 W Waveform: 1 microsec FM chirp generation, analog down-conversion to 10 MHz center Sampling: 12-bit ADC at 50 MHz sampling Record window: 64.74 μsec Acquisition: two gain channels separated by 47 dB Dynamic Range: 120 dB Monostatic Rx/Tx Data rate: 2.2 MB/sec Maximum Doppler frequency: 36 Hz Pulse Repetition Frequency: 6250 Hz Onboard stacking: 32x Processing Approach Where possible focused data (Peters et al., 2007) was included, as this was preferred for englacial reflector tracing. Where not available, unfocused SAR was substituted. These are converted to magnitude and five of these stacks are incoherently summed resulting in the final 4 Hz sample rate. Error Sources For this Level 1B product, errors in power may be due to transmitter or receiver malfunctions. Elevated background noise may occur with areas of strong surface scattering (for example crevasses) or Radio Frequency (RF) noise from anthropogenic sources (for example radio calls from the aircraft or other radar systems).