Flow resistance in environmental channels : focus on vegetation
This thesis aims to improve the reliability of the determination of flow resistance in environmentally acceptable channels and floodplains. Special emphasis was placed on addressing the hydraulic effects of vegetation. For this reason, laboratory flume studies with living vegetation were employed. T...
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Format: | Doctoral or Postdoctoral Thesis |
Language: | English |
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Helsinki University of Technology
2004
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Online Access: | https://aaltodoc.aalto.fi/handle/123456789/2422 |
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Aalto University Publication Archive (Aaltodoc) |
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English |
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Environmental science hydraulics flow resistance roughness vegetation rivers floodplains |
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Environmental science hydraulics flow resistance roughness vegetation rivers floodplains Järvelä, Juha Flow resistance in environmental channels : focus on vegetation |
topic_facet |
Environmental science hydraulics flow resistance roughness vegetation rivers floodplains |
description |
This thesis aims to improve the reliability of the determination of flow resistance in environmentally acceptable channels and floodplains. Special emphasis was placed on addressing the hydraulic effects of vegetation. For this reason, laboratory flume studies with living vegetation were employed. The most notable finding was that, when compared to leafless conditions, the presence of leaves increased the friction factor up to seven-fold. This was strongly dependent on the flow velocity. In addition, the linkage between flow resistance, channel properties, and physical habitat was investigated. For this purpose, field studies were conducted in degraded, restored, and natural channel reaches. To determine friction factor f or Manning's n for non-submerged woody vegetation, a new procedure based on the measurable characteristics of vegetation and flow was developed. A major advantage of this procedure over the old methods was its ability to estimate the flow resistance of woody vegetation in both leafless and leafy conditions. In determining the velocity profile and flow resistance caused by submerged flexible vegetation, the approach developed by Stephan (2002) was found to be suitable. However, a new formulation was proposed for the shear velocity based on deflected plant height. This modification offered better practical applicability than the original formulation, which requires complicated turbulence measurements. In the field studies, the experimental results for friction factors were, excluding those for low flows, in agreement with the values presented in the literature. Overall, the gathered field data from degraded, restored, and natural channel reaches formed a reference data set, which could be useful in other similar restoration or engineering projects. The field studies showed that both flow resistance and cross-sectional geometry were vital factors in determining local hydraulic conditions. The parameters defining these two factors were found to be simple but nonetheless valuable in evaluating the ... |
author2 |
Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering Rakennus- ja ympäristötekniikan osasto Laboratory of Water Resources Vesitalouden ja vesirakennuksen laboratorio Aalto-yliopisto Aalto University |
format |
Doctoral or Postdoctoral Thesis |
author |
Järvelä, Juha |
author_facet |
Järvelä, Juha |
author_sort |
Järvelä, Juha |
title |
Flow resistance in environmental channels : focus on vegetation |
title_short |
Flow resistance in environmental channels : focus on vegetation |
title_full |
Flow resistance in environmental channels : focus on vegetation |
title_fullStr |
Flow resistance in environmental channels : focus on vegetation |
title_full_unstemmed |
Flow resistance in environmental channels : focus on vegetation |
title_sort |
flow resistance in environmental channels : focus on vegetation |
publisher |
Helsinki University of Technology |
publishDate |
2004 |
url |
https://aaltodoc.aalto.fi/handle/123456789/2422 |
genre |
Boreal Environment Research |
genre_facet |
Boreal Environment Research |
op_relation |
Helsinki University of Technology Water Resources publications 10 Teknillisen korkeakoulun vesitalouden ja vesirakennuksen julkaisuja Järvelä J., 2002. Flow resistance of flexible and stiff vegetation: a flume study with natural plants. Journal of Hydrology 269, numbers 1-2, pages 44-54. [article1.pdf] © 2002 Elsevier Science. By permission. Järvelä J., 2002. Determination of flow resistance of vegetated channel banks and floodplains. In: Bousmar D. and Zech Y. (editors), River Flow 2002. Lisse, Swets & Zeitlinger, pages 311-318. [article2.pdf] © 2002 Swets & Zeitlinger. By permission. Järvelä J., 2003. Influence of vegetation on flow structure in floodplains and wetlands. In: Sánchez-Arcilla A. and Bateman A. (editors), Proceedings of the 3rd IAHR Symposium on River, Coastal and Estuarine Morphodynamics (RCEM 2003). Madrid, IAHR, pages 845-856. [article3.pdf] © 2003 International Association of Hydraulic Engineering and Research (IAHR). By permission. Järvelä J., 2004. Determination of flow resistance caused by non-submerged woody vegetation. International Journal of River Basin Management 2, number 1, pages 61-70. [article4.pdf] © 2004 International Association of Hydraulic Engineering and Research (IAHR). By permission. Järvelä J. and Helmiö T., 2004. Hydraulic considerations in restoring boreal streams. Nordic Hydrology 35, number 3, in press. [article5.pdf] © 2004 by authors and © 2004 IWA Publishing. By permission. Helmiö T. and Järvelä J., 2004. Hydraulic aspects of environmental flood management in boreal conditions. Boreal Environment Research 9, in press. [article6.pdf] © 2004 Boreal Environment Research. By permission. 951-22-7074-9 1456-2596 https://aaltodoc.aalto.fi/handle/123456789/2422 urn:nbn:fi:tkk-003671 |
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ftaaltouniv:oai:aaltodoc.aalto.fi:123456789/2422 2024-09-15T18:00:11+00:00 Flow resistance in environmental channels : focus on vegetation Järvelä, Juha Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering Rakennus- ja ympäristötekniikan osasto Laboratory of Water Resources Vesitalouden ja vesirakennuksen laboratorio Aalto-yliopisto Aalto University 2004-06-11 54, [66] application/pdf https://aaltodoc.aalto.fi/handle/123456789/2422 en eng Helsinki University of Technology Teknillinen korkeakoulu Helsinki University of Technology Water Resources publications 10 Teknillisen korkeakoulun vesitalouden ja vesirakennuksen julkaisuja Järvelä J., 2002. Flow resistance of flexible and stiff vegetation: a flume study with natural plants. Journal of Hydrology 269, numbers 1-2, pages 44-54. [article1.pdf] © 2002 Elsevier Science. By permission. Järvelä J., 2002. Determination of flow resistance of vegetated channel banks and floodplains. In: Bousmar D. and Zech Y. (editors), River Flow 2002. Lisse, Swets & Zeitlinger, pages 311-318. [article2.pdf] © 2002 Swets & Zeitlinger. By permission. Järvelä J., 2003. Influence of vegetation on flow structure in floodplains and wetlands. In: Sánchez-Arcilla A. and Bateman A. (editors), Proceedings of the 3rd IAHR Symposium on River, Coastal and Estuarine Morphodynamics (RCEM 2003). Madrid, IAHR, pages 845-856. [article3.pdf] © 2003 International Association of Hydraulic Engineering and Research (IAHR). By permission. Järvelä J., 2004. Determination of flow resistance caused by non-submerged woody vegetation. International Journal of River Basin Management 2, number 1, pages 61-70. [article4.pdf] © 2004 International Association of Hydraulic Engineering and Research (IAHR). By permission. Järvelä J. and Helmiö T., 2004. Hydraulic considerations in restoring boreal streams. Nordic Hydrology 35, number 3, in press. [article5.pdf] © 2004 by authors and © 2004 IWA Publishing. By permission. Helmiö T. and Järvelä J., 2004. Hydraulic aspects of environmental flood management in boreal conditions. Boreal Environment Research 9, in press. [article6.pdf] © 2004 Boreal Environment Research. By permission. 951-22-7074-9 1456-2596 https://aaltodoc.aalto.fi/handle/123456789/2422 urn:nbn:fi:tkk-003671 Environmental science hydraulics flow resistance roughness vegetation rivers floodplains G5 Artikkeliväitöskirja text Väitöskirja (artikkeli) Doctoral dissertation (article-based) 2004 ftaaltouniv 2024-06-26T06:35:48Z This thesis aims to improve the reliability of the determination of flow resistance in environmentally acceptable channels and floodplains. Special emphasis was placed on addressing the hydraulic effects of vegetation. For this reason, laboratory flume studies with living vegetation were employed. The most notable finding was that, when compared to leafless conditions, the presence of leaves increased the friction factor up to seven-fold. This was strongly dependent on the flow velocity. In addition, the linkage between flow resistance, channel properties, and physical habitat was investigated. For this purpose, field studies were conducted in degraded, restored, and natural channel reaches. To determine friction factor f or Manning's n for non-submerged woody vegetation, a new procedure based on the measurable characteristics of vegetation and flow was developed. A major advantage of this procedure over the old methods was its ability to estimate the flow resistance of woody vegetation in both leafless and leafy conditions. In determining the velocity profile and flow resistance caused by submerged flexible vegetation, the approach developed by Stephan (2002) was found to be suitable. However, a new formulation was proposed for the shear velocity based on deflected plant height. This modification offered better practical applicability than the original formulation, which requires complicated turbulence measurements. In the field studies, the experimental results for friction factors were, excluding those for low flows, in agreement with the values presented in the literature. Overall, the gathered field data from degraded, restored, and natural channel reaches formed a reference data set, which could be useful in other similar restoration or engineering projects. The field studies showed that both flow resistance and cross-sectional geometry were vital factors in determining local hydraulic conditions. The parameters defining these two factors were found to be simple but nonetheless valuable in evaluating the ... Doctoral or Postdoctoral Thesis Boreal Environment Research Aalto University Publication Archive (Aaltodoc) |