| Summary: | These data are a spatially explicit representation of monthly shipping intensity in the Pacific Arctic region from January 1, 2015 to December 31, 2020. We calculated shipping intensity based on Automatic Identification System (AIS) data, a type of Global Positioning System (GPS) transmitter required by the International Maritime Organization on all ships over 300 gross tonnes on an international voyage, all cargo ships over 500 gross tonnes, and all passenger ships. We used AIS data received by the exactEarth satellite constellation (64 satellites as of 2020), ensuring spatial coverage regardless of national jurisdiction or remoteness. Our analytical approach converted raw AIS input into monthly raster datasets. We first filtered raw AIS messages to remove spurious records and GPS errors, then joined remaining vessel positional records with static messages including descriptive attributes. To develop the raster dataset, we created a series of spatially explicit daily vessel tracks according to unique voyages and aggregated tracks by month. We then created a raster grid and calculated the total length, in meters, of all vessel tracks within each raster cell. To capture a high resolution look at vessel traffic in coastal areas, this data set aggregates vessel track lines into 1-km resolution raster cells located within a 10-km buffer of the coastline of the study area. These monthly datasets provide a critical snapshot of dynamic commercial and natural systems in the Pacific Arctic region. Recent declines in sea ice have lengthened the duration of the shipping season and have expanded the spatial coverage of large vessel routes, from the Aleutian Islands through the Bering Strait and into the southern Chukchi Sea. As vessel traffic has increased, so has exposure to the myriad environmental risks posed by large ships, including oil spills, underwater noise pollution, large cetacean ship-strikes, and discharges of pollutants. This dataset provides scientific researchers, local community members, mariners, and decision-makers with a quantitative means to evaluate the distribution and intensity of shipping across space and through time. In addition to this coastal data subset, we also produced data products in 25- and 10-km raster format for the entire study area as well as a hex data set which contains additional attributes (e.g., number of ships, ship speed). To find these products, search for “North Pacific and Arctic Marine Vessel Traffic Dataset” in the Arctic Data Center’s data repository.
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