| Summary: | The present study is based on marine physical and biological observations since 1961. The data on zooplankton has been collected since 1963 in the vicinity of the White Sea Biological Station of the Zoological Institute, RAS, (Chupa Inlet of Kandalaksha Bay, Cape Kartesh). Temperature and salinity measurements have been conducted since 1961. The study describes the seasonal and long-term dynamics of hydrological parameters and plankton abundance, giving special consideration to long-term trends. The plankton effects of extreme hydrological conditions are estimated and the anomalies of plankton seasonal dynamics during cold and warm, high- and low-salinity years are shown. The influence of long-term salinity-and-temperature variations on the plankton community is examined. The temperature optima of dominant plankton species are determined according to the long-term dynamics of their abundance. The accompanying CD-ROM contains original data in comma separated value (CSV) format along with auxiliary tables, figures, and text of the Atlas in PDF format. Documentation: This section contains the text of the 36-Year Time Series (1963-1998) of Zooplankton, Temperature, and Salinity in the White Sea. Database: There are two categories in this section: "Taxa" and "Primary Data". Under "Primary Data," there are three subsections: Temperature, Salinity; Zooplankton; and All Data. The Taxa subsection will permit the user to see an Excel spreadsheet containing Group, Species, and Ontogenetic stages of zooplankton in the White Sea. The "Temperature, Salinity" and "Zooplankton" subsections provide an inventory of these parameters by year and the number of measurements per ten-day period. Clicking on any year will result in an Excel spreadsheet of the primary data for that year. Clicking on the "All Data" subsection simply produces a pop-up window indicating that the user can find all data in the Atlas/Data folder on the CD-ROM. Environment: This section provides graphs depicting the analyses of temperature and salinity. Within the "Temperature" and "Salinity" categories, the user will find two subsections on the "Annual Cycle" and "Time Series" of these parameters. The "Annual Cycle" subsection for both "Temperature" and "Salinity" is further broken down into "All Years (climatology)," "Years with anomaly T>0 (or S>0)," and "Years with anomaly T<0 (or S<0)." Zooplankton: This section has four categories: "Annual Cycle," "Zooplankton vs. T," "Zooplankton vs. S," and a "Read me" pop-up window. Clicking on "Annual Cycle" produces a pop-up window of all the zooplankton species measured at three different levels. The user can check as many boxes as desired with the option to display the graphs on the screen (click on the "okay" button) or to send the graphs to a printer. By going to the Window section, the user can choose to display the graphs onscreen in a variety of formats: Cascade, Tile Horizontal, or Tile Vertical. However, the last two formats can only display a maximum of 12 graphs on the screen. Summary: This section provides the graphical results of the zooplankton species most sensitive to the variability of temperature and salinity, averaged over all years and for positive and negative anomalies. White Sea Publications: A list of publications by the personnel of the White Sea Biological Station and a full manuscript version of four selected articles are provided in this section. Photo Gallery: This section contains a selection of pictures of the ship, various experiments, and scenery on and around the White Sea. About: E-mail addresses and phone numbers for the authors of this product can be found in this section.
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