Testing the equilibrium model: An example from the Caledonian Kalak Nappe Complex (Finnmark, Arctic Norway)

• Published in: Journal of Metamorphic Geology
• Main Authors: Gaidies, Fred, Heldwein, Olivier K. A., Yogi, Maria Thereza A. G., Cutts, Jamie A., Smit, Matthijs A., Rice, A. Hugh N.
• Other Authors: Natural Sciences and Engineering Research Council of Canada
• Format: Article in Journal/Newspaper
• Language: English
• Published: Wiley 2021
• Subjects: Arctic; Bekkarfjord; Kalak; Norway; Finnmark
• Online Access: http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/jmg.12648; https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/pdf/10.1111/jmg.12648; https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/full-xml/10.1111/jmg.12648

Abstract The equilibrium model has been tested using Barrovian garnet‐zone micaschists of the Kalak Nappe Complex. In our model, equilibrium in the MnNCKFMASHT system was established across the entire rock volume during prograde metamorphism except for garnet, which developed growth zoning preserved at levels controlled by the kinetics of intracrystalline diffusion. The preservation potential of the disequilibrium fluctuations required for nucleation of garnet has been considered in our simulations, using a moving boundary multicomponent diffusion and growth model. Results indicate that the core of garnet that crystallizes during regional metamorphism does not retain the major element composition of the nucleus but reflects the compositional signature of the immediate overgrowth. The differences between the metamorphic conditions of successive garnet growth steps of the samples indicate characteristic trends in their pressure‐temperature evolutions that can be predicted with the equilibrium model. There is some latitude with regard to the absolute metamorphic conditions due to the inherent uncertainty of the thermodynamic data and the approximation of the reactive volume composition. However, the slopes of the pressure‐temperature paths together with systematic trends in the lithological, geochemical, and Lu–Hf garnet whole‐rock isotopic properties of the rocks, as well as their garnet crystal size frequency distributions, enable the identification of the Veidnes, Bekkarfjord, and Kolvik Nappes involved in the Caledonian Orogeny and provide new insight into their metamorphic evolutions. According to our findings, the base of the Kalak Nappe Complex experienced wide‐spread Barrovian‐type metamorphism at c. 420 Ma with a gradient of ∼40 bar/°C and peak conditions of ∼560°C and 6.7 kbar in the Bekkarfjord and Veidnes Nappes, whereas the hinterland‐placed Kolvik Nappe was metamorphosed at peak conditions of ∼590°C and 7.5 kbar. This event was preceded by moderate‐pressure metamorphism at c. 423 Ma resulting in ...