Ancestral range reconstruction of remote oceanic island species of Plantago (Plantaginaceae) reveals differing scales and modes of dispersal

• Published in: Journal of Biogeography
• Main Authors: Iwanycki Ahlstrand, N., Verstraete, B., Hassemer, G., Dunbar‐Co, S., Hoggard, R., Meudt, H. M., Rønsted, N.
• Format: Article in Journal/Newspaper
• Language: English
• Published: Wiley 2019
• Subjects: Amsterdam Island; Auckland Islands
• Online Access: http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/jbi.13525; https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/pdf/10.1111/jbi.13525; https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/full-xml/10.1111/jbi.13525

Abstract Aim The aim of this study was to resolve the phylogenetic placement of island taxa, reconstruct ancestral origins and resolve competing hypotheses of dispersal patterns and biogeographical histories for oceanic island endemic taxa within subgenus Plantago (Plantaginaceae). Location Juan Fernández Islands, the Auckland Islands, Lord Howe Island, New Amsterdam Island, New Zealand, Tasmania, Falkland Islands, Rapa Iti and the Hawaiian Islands. Taxon Island endemics within Plantago (Plantaginaceae), a globally distributed taxonomic group comprising approximately 250 species. Methods We use Bayesian phylogenetic and divergence time analyses and historical biogeographical analysis of molecular sequence data to infer the ancestral origins of the oceanic island species in Plantago . Results Taxa within subgenus Plantago form clades based on geographic proximities and challenge previous phylogenetic relationships and classification based on morphology. We infer that biogeographic histories of oceanic island taxa from multiple islands were shaped by dispersal at different scales and possibly by different types of birds. The highly remote Hawaiian Islands and Rapa Iti were colonized from North American taxa in a pattern corresponding to known migration routes of large marine birds, rather than from New Zealand as previously hypothesized. The island endemics of Juan Fernández, the Falkland Islands, Lord Howe, Auckland Islands and New Zealand are found to have sources in the nearest continental areas. The analyses confirm recent speciation within subgenus Plantago – which is particularly heightened in island lineages in Hawaii and Rapa Iti – but show slightly older divergence times than previous molecular dating studies. Main conclusions Using molecular data to infer ancestral ranges for plants with uncertain taxonomic relationships can greatly improve our understanding of biogeographical histories and help elucidate origins, dispersal modes and routes in widespread lineages with complex distribution patterns such ...