Predicting island beetle faunas by their climate ranges: thetabula rasa/refugia theory in the North Atlantic

• Published in: Journal of Biogeography
• Main Authors: Vickers, Kim, Buckland, Philip I.
• Other Authors: Leverhulme Trust
• Format: Article in Journal/Newspaper
• Language: English
• Published: Wiley 2015
• Subjects: Faroe Islands; Greenland; Faroes; Iceland; North Atlantic
• Online Access: http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/jbi.12593; https://api.wiley.com/onlinelibrary/tdm/v1/articles/10.1111%2Fjbi.12593; https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/pdf/10.1111/jbi.12593

Abstract Aim This paper addresses two opposing theories put forward for the origins of the beetle fauna of the North Atlantic islands. The first is that the biota of the isolated oceanic islands of the Faroes, Iceland and Greenland immigrated across a Palaeogene–Neogene land bridge from Europe, and survived Pleistocene glaciations in ameliorated refugia. The second argues for a tabula rasa in which the biota of the islands was exterminated during glaciations and is Holocene in origin. The crux of these theories lies in the ability of the flora and fauna to survive in a range of environmental extremes. This paper sets out to assess the viability of the refugia hypothesis using the climatic tolerances of one aspect of the biota: the beetle fauna. Location The paper focuses on Iceland, the Faroe Islands and Greenland. Methods The known temperature requirements of the recorded beetle faunas of the North Atlantic islands were compared with published proxy climate reconstructions for successive climate periods since the severing of a North Atlantic land bridge. We used the MCR (mutual climatic range) method available in the open access Bugs CEP database software. Results We show that most of the MCR faunas of the North Atlantic islands could not have survived in situ since the Palaeogene–Neogene, and are likely to have been exterminated by the Pleistocene glaciations. Main conclusions The discrepancy between the climatic tolerances of the North Atlantic beetle fauna and the estimated climatic regimes since the severing of a land bridge strongly support the tabula rasa theory and suggests that the North Atlantic coleopteran fauna is Holocene in origin.